tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3952703501100008492024-02-19T14:21:35.784+08:00土壤作物醫生館土壤作物醫生館 WE WORK HARD FOR YOUR HEALTH.土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comBlogger219125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-59196957854286479122019-05-14T12:05:00.003+08:002019-05-14T12:05:58.302+08:00除了補助,政府還有很多事情可以做<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">之前,確實曾聽聞三星高接梨因寒流災損政府補助的消息。那時,並沒特別注意,這應該與今年的寒流並沒讓我很有“寒流”的感受,所以,這消息從我腦海閃過去,並未特別注意。<span lang="EN-US">( <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://goo.gl/gQ5mbi"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://goo.gl/gQ5mbi</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">左列連結為<span lang="EN-US">2019</span>年<span lang="EN-US">2</span>月<span lang="EN-US">12</span>日<span lang="EN-US">NOW news</span>新聞連結<span lang="EN-US">)</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">今天到三星鄉拜訪好友的高接梨園,看看大家的花開著果的狀況。我才意識到事態的嚴重性,眼見所及的梨園確實都很不理想,著果不良、葉片黃化、葉片畸形、葉片孱弱無力、黑星病嚴重發生、梨木蝨囂張肆虐,大家受害輕重不一,但都不是很順利。</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">新聞文字論及“縣府農業處昨天會同花蓮區農業改良場蘭陽分場及農糧署東區分署組成勘災小組進行現地勘查作業,經判定結果確為低溫造成花苞未萌發,只抽葉芽而無花芽,花朵開花異常,果實停滯生長等情形,平均受損率約達五成,尤以黃金梨為甚,約達<span lang="EN-US">70-80%</span>。”</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">總結就是天災不可避免,大家運氣不好,政府發給補助,幫大家度過難關。</span></b></span></span></span></b></span></span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">今天實際下田看看挖挖後,我有了不一樣的看法。</span></b><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">查閱近期每日的最低溫資料,新聞內所言的寒流影響程度我實在無以評估。但從中央氣象局的資料看來,我可以確認<span lang="EN-US">107</span>年<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月與<span lang="EN-US">108</span>年<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月三星地區的溫度及雨量占於歷史資料的相對高百分位狀態<span lang="EN-US">(</span>自<span lang="EN-US">1951</span>年計起<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-uutTnEBs5LIf6bNZzEd4sQ6ypeaLdfnyKM2Oouu3kMUwIQ6S5GjUYjAZNrZOEY3COlEbNWtluOxRLzk_LYfO42T1o0CF3S_7K_EB9bA_YecXzkLv5JooiUo0d28KGHJUTJa0-LhShPA/s1600/InkedCWB1M_LI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="710" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-uutTnEBs5LIf6bNZzEd4sQ6ypeaLdfnyKM2Oouu3kMUwIQ6S5GjUYjAZNrZOEY3COlEbNWtluOxRLzk_LYfO42T1o0CF3S_7K_EB9bA_YecXzkLv5JooiUo0d28KGHJUTJa0-LhShPA/s400/InkedCWB1M_LI.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">在實際田間,我見到許多相對葉齡較大的<span lang="EN-US">(</span>近<span lang="EN-US">30</span>天的葉齡<span lang="EN-US">)</span>葉片特別高比率有葉緣黃褐到焦枯狀態,多片園區在那個葉齡階段的葉片都有問題,過了那個時間點的葉片相對問題就比較減緩。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgToPAkl3mov-mRU9Z673B3LTyZX6g82MOiLZ_7ArY5CRY3C56CNSUayQapsEF2uFsbKK3WhJZkvmyhMNbNyiO1mYZ0aHRe0-iNGEl8PsYLujJs2fn9quw-bLk5pfRHkQ2PM2IRroZw0TQ/s1600/DSC_3774.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgToPAkl3mov-mRU9Z673B3LTyZX6g82MOiLZ_7ArY5CRY3C56CNSUayQapsEF2uFsbKK3WhJZkvmyhMNbNyiO1mYZ0aHRe0-iNGEl8PsYLujJs2fn9quw-bLk5pfRHkQ2PM2IRroZw0TQ/s400/DSC_3774.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">葉緣黃褐到焦枯且葉齡較大的都算是本季的頂芽,頂芽受傷後,下方的側芽繼之冒頭竄高,這也是歷年來少見的狀況。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUf2IxUGdupaFZrafK_VUEQUmTlHbr8rVdkz9BKLt5CuFzTsV1ehDXqX6BV_VavLSUjGvlQWYKdhmpii1iasSdxC3FatF7Ujzua-pCdHJPIWqYzPUjmeFW84CI67nXt37DnEYREIS80JA/s1600/DSC_3769.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUf2IxUGdupaFZrafK_VUEQUmTlHbr8rVdkz9BKLt5CuFzTsV1ehDXqX6BV_VavLSUjGvlQWYKdhmpii1iasSdxC3FatF7Ujzua-pCdHJPIWqYzPUjmeFW84CI67nXt37DnEYREIS80JA/s400/DSC_3769.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9PHv5a5qG1uE6MMRU5pRp3Lp6-fiT7SdW43Xd4XCr0_qGufGQtvosoyvFN2N-9YlEarvBSnlNW_APxuuBJp5xDoNH9pIdFrOz_5vHecLDSiuNIvDIP2CVCGUcf4f93NRNU6RFZa_9mOw/s1600/DSC_3770.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9PHv5a5qG1uE6MMRU5pRp3Lp6-fiT7SdW43Xd4XCr0_qGufGQtvosoyvFN2N-9YlEarvBSnlNW_APxuuBJp5xDoNH9pIdFrOz_5vHecLDSiuNIvDIP2CVCGUcf4f93NRNU6RFZa_9mOw/s400/DSC_3770.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSgQXLRlz10vISSAFM5vDRHj_ER6_hdn6PPsmGv7xdc8ZFpB7ilsbtcsP_8LmFe2Y0IgZNrylIwk1fN2rSYuq654XWIUnaB68TpjLHauOMmPc2kANL4qyL38bXx5kbY6vB-qWzzqKURmk/s1600/DSC_1547.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="645" data-original-width="485" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSgQXLRlz10vISSAFM5vDRHj_ER6_hdn6PPsmGv7xdc8ZFpB7ilsbtcsP_8LmFe2Y0IgZNrylIwk1fN2rSYuq654XWIUnaB68TpjLHauOMmPc2kANL4qyL38bXx5kbY6vB-qWzzqKURmk/s400/DSC_1547.JPG" width="300" /></a><strong></strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><strong>有趣的是,多處比較後,我發現地上排水不良層位置較深者,地面基肥施用較少者,相對受害程度較低。這肯定與高低溫無任何相關。</strong></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">綜上總總,我作了以下推論,淺化的根系,加上土壤因雨而水飽和,根圈遭遇缺氧逆境<span lang="EN-US">(</span>甚至有硫化氫的氣味<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,甚至又有肥料大量溶出的電導度逆境傷害,續又面臨雨後高溫所致大量蒸散,水分入不敷出,終致新芽受傷、萌動受阻、也影響了花苞的授粉。</span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxdhZ2a5y411yP4yiR0OySBotb9PShWHLYYzLnwlJxegEUheAuoOS-La4s3AmE56iHo4214t5mMytZ7qKAPnbdbjXpbJBiqxLnwyKuV-SVhAjFvPPdUeIzeyXIwDz2Zk7ay1e92u4DExU/s1600/%25E4%25B8%2589%25E6%2598%259F+to+%25E4%25BF%258A%25E9%25A8%25B01+-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="601" data-original-width="850" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxdhZ2a5y411yP4yiR0OySBotb9PShWHLYYzLnwlJxegEUheAuoOS-La4s3AmE56iHo4214t5mMytZ7qKAPnbdbjXpbJBiqxLnwyKuV-SVhAjFvPPdUeIzeyXIwDz2Zk7ay1e92u4DExU/s1600/%25E4%25B8%2589%25E6%2598%259F+to+%25E4%25BF%258A%25E9%25A8%25B01+-1.jpg" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">以下為相對受害較少的園區梨穗嫁接日:<span lang="EN-US">1071218~1080106<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>豐水<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>/1080108~1080126 </span>黃金</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">其梨穗開花日為: 豐水<span lang="EN-US">1080113/</span>黃金<span lang="EN-US">1080203</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">以下為該園區田間狀況。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUl-frBXYrinnAmXaK5dB29cYQ1OEdn8sv9EhI2fzgeCHPPx_vkrTR_8x-wiTFupZ-ClJdUKBACC_b6eftq3dsK91JHW0zkpacsn4knPg1thUPeCZLpfEpXuYQJtP7mKt13-ns_cNltyk/s1600/DSC_1549.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="645" data-original-width="485" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUl-frBXYrinnAmXaK5dB29cYQ1OEdn8sv9EhI2fzgeCHPPx_vkrTR_8x-wiTFupZ-ClJdUKBACC_b6eftq3dsK91JHW0zkpacsn4knPg1thUPeCZLpfEpXuYQJtP7mKt13-ns_cNltyk/s400/DSC_1549.JPG" width="300" /></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrMAmRKAQnkvQU7l361qVtgkfDb5Tsnps2dH3b58Mzgsap-3dIXaibKVsgRwBGPXlJtFpeFMCNn0pF2APSvEiq0zHFucMRhss7S2zvlSKAZo6TKE6Dj1MwCDbDH2ts9xQmPM7kEbOmmps/s1600/DSC_1550.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="645" data-original-width="485" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrMAmRKAQnkvQU7l361qVtgkfDb5Tsnps2dH3b58Mzgsap-3dIXaibKVsgRwBGPXlJtFpeFMCNn0pF2APSvEiq0zHFucMRhss7S2zvlSKAZo6TKE6Dj1MwCDbDH2ts9xQmPM7kEbOmmps/s400/DSC_1550.JPG" width="300" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">天災與異常天氣已是無可避免,政府除了可以發放救助金協助農友度過難關外,敝人認為政府還可以給予農友更多專業的協助,透過實際案例分析,讓農友了解傷害的發生原委,並宣導合宜對策以供參考。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">換言之,提高“可盡其在我”的比重,降低“無法盡其在我”的比例是不錯的考量角度。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">什麼是“可盡其在我”的事?精準施肥、土壤逆境排除、土壤結構促進、樹勢永續經營<span lang="EN-US">….</span>等。這是最根本,卻最容易被忽略的功課。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">這樣除了可提升農民的專業知能,也可讓大家更了解農業的科學本質,也能提升農友的尊嚴。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">另,中央氣象局對寒流定義如後<span lang="EN-US">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://goo.gl/TXf8Jb"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://goo.gl/TXf8Jb</span></span></a></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">目前中央氣象局氣象預報中心預報作業上採用之寒流定義是以臺北市之日最低溫作為天氣系統的認定。臺北市日低溫低於<span lang="EN-US">14</span>°<span lang="EN-US">C</span>以下且高於<span lang="EN-US">12</span>°<span lang="EN-US">C</span>時,影響之天氣系統稱為「大陸冷氣團」;臺北市日低溫度低於<span lang="EN-US">12</span>°<span lang="EN-US">C</span>以下且高於<span lang="EN-US">10</span>°<span lang="EN-US">C</span>時,影響之天氣系統稱為「強烈大陸冷氣團」;而臺北市日低溫低於<span lang="EN-US">10</span>°<span lang="EN-US">C</span>以下時,影響之天氣系統視為達到「寒流」等級。寒流幾乎全集中在<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月至<span lang="EN-US">3</span>月,且以<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月發生寒流之比例最高,僅有非常少數的個案發生在<span lang="EN-US">4</span>月,統計期間內並無<span lang="EN-US">11</span>月份發生的寒流。就氣候平均<span lang="EN-US">(1981-2010</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span>而言,冬季寒流影響臺灣日數平均為<span lang="EN-US">6.5</span>天,近<span lang="EN-US">20</span>年寒流日數明顯偏少。</span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">依上定義,三星的低溫對應台北市的低溫,應稱不上寒流。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ8KxLqIZdUp4bQg3uN38xViCVmagtXAb_xRXyDnD-5CY2TIKemu3YGhhX7ifiX_zuFcZvfPLDCPo1nWIHubo5BzvD9fpymE3k0V0ranIhacEBuiWLqU6-w2vD_WtX64GokmWV7TWae9E/s1600/3_5_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="302" data-original-width="850" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ8KxLqIZdUp4bQg3uN38xViCVmagtXAb_xRXyDnD-5CY2TIKemu3YGhhX7ifiX_zuFcZvfPLDCPo1nWIHubo5BzvD9fpymE3k0V0ranIhacEBuiWLqU6-w2vD_WtX64GokmWV7TWae9E/s1600/3_5_2.png" /></a></span></div>
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土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-45475198910010323732019-05-14T12:05:00.002+08:002019-05-14T13:20:24.253+08:00IPM是什麼?<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAmR__hbNi1t6ORKYu7853vOEH_0y4sWIhocFvWqrAw6afPNhZEBMauBSNW8kep_UHE1PNVRndPZo6MDEZt2o9uqoDMlRc3z6TnPwSgUdazqoXqGu3DS9Nwk54P-8DObE81LlSR-OykpY/s1600/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%2588%2588%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25AD%25B8+%25E7%2594%25A2%25E9%258A%25B7%25E5%25B1%25A5%25E6%25AD%25B7%25E7%25B2%25BE%25E7%25A5%259E.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="363" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAmR__hbNi1t6ORKYu7853vOEH_0y4sWIhocFvWqrAw6afPNhZEBMauBSNW8kep_UHE1PNVRndPZo6MDEZt2o9uqoDMlRc3z6TnPwSgUdazqoXqGu3DS9Nwk54P-8DObE81LlSR-OykpY/s1600/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%2588%2588%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25AD%25B8+%25E7%2594%25A2%25E9%258A%25B7%25E5%25B1%25A5%25E6%25AD%25B7%25E7%25B2%25BE%25E7%25A5%259E.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjIvwSnAc4DWS55qLpkfrh_ly41jV6XwivYLZmJ47060md3XXqVfUSwiAOW3HakzW_no8Q4NrA1CYF8C3V6KCq_I65vHCO4ZSKopy8jCZKeRpoJN8GGmovHMF5Md9aNDWdO6_9rDdv_mg/s1600/%25E8%25B0%25B7%25E9%2597%259C2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="363" data-original-width="484" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjIvwSnAc4DWS55qLpkfrh_ly41jV6XwivYLZmJ47060md3XXqVfUSwiAOW3HakzW_no8Q4NrA1CYF8C3V6KCq_I65vHCO4ZSKopy8jCZKeRpoJN8GGmovHMF5Md9aNDWdO6_9rDdv_mg/s640/%25E8%25B0%25B7%25E9%2597%259C2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">IPM</span><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">為<span lang="EN-US">integrated pest management
</span>之縮寫。在過去時代,農人認為害物<span lang="EN-US">(pest)</span>是必須消滅的,農人一定要和它拼命到底。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">隨著現代人對生態與自然瞭解更多,面對害物,通常是改以管理概念處理。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">簡言之,<span lang="EN-US">IPM</span>雖然也是窮究人類所有可行的手段來讓害物混不下去,但多了兼顧經濟與環境永續的角度。在施行上比過去年代更聰明,更有智慧,更懂得借力使力,以夷制夷<span lang="EN-US">(</span>雖說我一直以為人類才是蠻夷之物種<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">IPM</span><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">有執行次第。先對可能害物執行<span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">預防</span>、接著是<span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">監控</span>、最後才是<span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">干預</span>。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">我舉多種作物常見葉螨來說明。葉螨好發在氣候乾燥、溫暖季節。若所在種作物在過去有葉螨危害紀錄,您就要有自知之明,那個季節<span lang="EN-US">?</span>那個位置?最容易先出現乾燥、溫暖的微氣候,優先在哪個位置進行調查與監控,並特別要設法讓那個地方的作物強壯一些<span lang="EN-US">(</span>角質層厚些、蠟質層厚些、胺基酸累積少些、次生防禦物質多一些、葉表細纖毛正常一些<span lang="EN-US">….)</span>。這些可視為預防作為。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">土壤、肥料、給水方式可在預放作為上發揮“可盡其在我”的大比例權重,很可惜的是這部分常被忽略。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">後續,持續監控害物來犯與對應天敵往來狀況,若真的害物持續坐大,天敵系統失效,或評估可能危及經濟收益,人類再出手干預。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">其實在監控的同時,物理性與生物性的干預可能也同時已被施展,例如調整微氣候讓局部空氣略潮濕屬於物理干涉;大家喜歡噴那些黏黏濕濕的發酵液也可限制葉螨的活動,也算物理干涉。但又濕與又黏的水與養分會不會引發其他微生物病害,這又是需要另當注意的事。</span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">減少非必要施藥,並經營天敵生存空間可算是生物性干涉,也算預防。當所有手段用盡,還是不見控制的效果,化學性干預採才有可能被採用。而且用藥要考慮標靶觀點,儘量不要得傷及無辜。過去常見的氨基甲酸鹽、合成除蟲菊精、有機磷劑都可歸為通殺藥物。</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">IPM</span><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">這不是天方夜譚,國外許多<span lang="EN-US">GAP( good
agriculture practice)</span>早已放入指導原則,台灣這方面還需要加油。我也常以<span lang="EN-US">IPM</span>與之前所論健康四<span lang="EN-US">+1(<a href="https://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/86711512"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/86711512</span></a>
)</span>原則處理過許多客戶困難的害物,特別是病害與蟲害。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">最近大家令緊張的秋行軍蟲,也可藉之管控。</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">IPM</span><span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">與健康四<span lang="EN-US">+1</span>的成功,有賴許多基礎知識堆疊、及良好態度的建立。這類農人雖然有越來越多,但需要很多專業人力陪伴,否則容易歧路亡羊。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">綜上也可知道,農民不再是不念書就可以從事的行業,農民生產的不只是人類的飼料,農民生產的食物與我們健康有密切關係,農民也應該是環境守護者,農業肯定是高科技產業。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">大家認同這些觀點,並化為行動,我們才能有所改變。</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-45940074685994108962018-09-04T19:08:00.003+08:002018-09-04T19:08:39.432+08:00突來的腰痛,美麗的際遇<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuWb0HtasqRFmXsg59wwqrMOTFIa7oJlAR8YzRi9sWotcMhcBRsYs-llsCFpAk3OgLhcRJTi_-R9FR6QtaSgP9Sd0C06XhrSgyWVZVI54sueaZkchwLZTaTy5_tG_K-OS7I9BxKBUlFfA/s1600/115265.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="272" data-original-width="484" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuWb0HtasqRFmXsg59wwqrMOTFIa7oJlAR8YzRi9sWotcMhcBRsYs-llsCFpAk3OgLhcRJTi_-R9FR6QtaSgP9Sd0C06XhrSgyWVZVI54sueaZkchwLZTaTy5_tG_K-OS7I9BxKBUlFfA/s400/115265.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">昨天下午就覺得腰部有些彆扭,不是很自在,但當時不以為意,繼續我難得的運動行程,完成肌肉重力訓練。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">晚飯後,我去看個中醫,最近的感冒後久咳不止,甚至消化不良,腸胃脹氣,食物殘渣在身體停留時間過短,早上吃的食物,中午就會在馬桶見到了,大腸也失去提取水分的功能。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">看完中醫,立刻服下一包醫生開立的科學中藥粉,喉頭熱熱的,延伸至肺腔,接著狂打了幾個膈,不咳了,也沒那麼多的脹氣感覺了。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">為了今天早上屏東的出差行程,所以,昨晚我還是趕了夜車到南投。下車,更覺得腰部有些使不上力,也隱隱痠痛。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">睡前又服了一包科學中藥,感覺更舒服了。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">今天起床,我發現腰不是我的,不聽話,若有人抬我起床最好。只是出差在外,我只好忍著痛起了床,居然花了我快二分鐘的時間才挺起腰離開床沿。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">接著,忍痛完成了盥洗後,我才發現,我連條短褲都不會穿,連襪子也不能用平常方式穿上。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">可喜的是,我發現大腸提取水分功能漸趨正常,而且沒有咳嗽與脹氣感覺。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">腰部的痛楚,讓我知道我閃到腰了,只是我沒搬重物,昨天的運動也算溫和,怎會閃到腰?而且超乎我想像的刺痛,越來越嚴重,與我生命中過去的感受大不相同。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">無法取消既定行程,我還是趕到了屏東,下車更是令我痛苦,客戶見到我的拙樣,關心我發生什麼事,只差沒幫我攙扶下車。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">打開後車門,提取我的筆電包,我才驚覺事態嚴重,文首照片中不到五公斤重的筆電包,我居然提不動,幾度更換姿勢後,我才勉強忍痛提取。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">感謝客戶的包容,我在步履蹣跚中步行巡視場區,一一查核我所關心的關鍵現場,他也陪著我龜速同行。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">客戶與我分享閃到腰的處理經驗,最好就是站直身,多走路。確實,巡完場區留了不少汗,我的腰也緩解許多。但我的腰仍持續會提醒我它的存在,特別是變換姿勢與行動時。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">最近身體狀況不好,感冒後久咳不止,又閃到腰,這是什麼狀況?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我直覺這只能用經絡與能量的概念解釋,我上網看到底下這部影片<span lang="EN-US">( <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bXvLTUUr7M"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bXvLTUUr7M</span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>)</span>,半信半疑的試看看,我只用力按了人中穴,持續慢慢轉動腰、擺動腰,漸加大動作範圍。我只能說,太神奇了,我找回我的腰了,疼痛顯著緩解,而且更可如我所意地運動。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">就在短短<span lang="EN-US">30</span>秒的重大改變,這又是什麼狀況?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">很早就聽說通則不痛,痛則不通,這句話在當下我有深刻體悟,身體的能量與養分輸送、代謝若因故被阻斷或失聯,即使生命還是存在,但不適感與病痛是無可避免的,嚴重的會危及生命。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">想想,這幾天我接了不少工作,又忽冷忽熱地穿梭在戶外與冷氣房。飲食與休息也不正常,能量與養分輸送、代謝阻斷或失聯很難避免。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">想想,我平時用土壤健康 四<span lang="EN-US">+</span>一<span lang="EN-US">( <a href="http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/86711512"><span style="color: #0563c1;">http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/86711512</span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>)</span>的角度去解決疑難雜症,其實也是在修復土壤內的各種失聯與斷裂。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "微軟正黑體",sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">今晚心情很好,腰不痛了,脹氣、咳嗽也好了。也感謝這突來的肉身教訓給我的指導。</span></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-68409372908974544962018-08-12T09:35:00.002+08:002018-08-19T12:45:32.159+08:00輕薄的決定,卻要大家一起承擔<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJRWlssStdnJq93fUlIhz0fN9qT6WX42WsQhcF_kbZPO9VgW5_vSiG-tjajyVTjpRVx_vLwcuQvz6ndi6RTI1AYOXYbKcG4QLPFIqllkCOH7SRPIfQyoUZV64PAaHqttKX8fAT_nDa9yY/s1600/DSC_0849.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJRWlssStdnJq93fUlIhz0fN9qT6WX42WsQhcF_kbZPO9VgW5_vSiG-tjajyVTjpRVx_vLwcuQvz6ndi6RTI1AYOXYbKcG4QLPFIqllkCOH7SRPIfQyoUZV64PAaHqttKX8fAT_nDa9yY/s400/DSC_0849.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;"><em><span style="font-size: large;">懶人速閱</span></em></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">首頁圖中黃褐坑疤的梨子,雖然不是高接梨應有的原貌,但也無害身體健康,可安心食用。</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;"> </span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">木栓坑洞化的組織肇因於鈣硼元素分配和移動上的問題,成因複雜。例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;">:</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">磷鉀鎂是否偏高?膨大期通風日照是否不佳?土壤質地是否偏砂?氮肥是否偏高?有無胺基酸或醱酵液湊熱鬧?根毛到果實間的水分輸送微管束是否暢通?…</span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">這些問題可能會以作物生長不如預期來呈現。果農面臨壓力又只求速解時,生長調節劑</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;"> </span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">或具類似功的資材(如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;">&%#</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">○×★微生物的發酵液或牛奶黃豆雞蛋糖蜜水)常會是解套出口。</span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">使用這類資材,</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;"> </span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">若沒有完整考量與配套,這類的裡內骸人的果實在未來會更是常見,不利市場推廣,不可不慎。</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNyVErLx_qBt9lLIWLa59PileJLSU3PayvtcOQ3jSGYlBJdMPuh19hK5oAHUbBNMkBhGX0SHVeCu23Un91LVSaKSDlecX15N86RG7OIKcHLWZVODHF-CqFNjnXXlEcLoE191HLn_K7eXQ/s1600/DSC_0852.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNyVErLx_qBt9lLIWLa59PileJLSU3PayvtcOQ3jSGYlBJdMPuh19hK5oAHUbBNMkBhGX0SHVeCu23Un91LVSaKSDlecX15N86RG7OIKcHLWZVODHF-CqFNjnXXlEcLoE191HLn_K7eXQ/s400/DSC_0852.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">總有個夢,一直期待高接梨可成為台灣外銷精品。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">近來剖了幾顆平地高接梨,都令人擔心,其生產者中,部分果農承認有施用生長調節劑,但也有表明完全未使用。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">您是消費者,雖不是趾高氣昂的大爺,但應也不會想當個冤大頭。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">這些果肉內的褐色斑點與坑洞是缺鈣硼的表徵,外觀駭人但無礙食用安全,其背後成因複雜。無論如何,接觸到這樣產品的消費者一定會對高接梨產品負面印象再添一成,甚至是概括全面性的認定原來高接梨就是這副模樣。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">總有人問我,生長調節劑沒有毒性,為什麼不能用?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我從來就不會限制夥伴使用生長調節劑。確實目前沒有具體證據證明吉貝素</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(GA)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">、吲哚丁酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(IBA)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">、細胞分裂素</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(6-BA)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">、萘乙酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(NAA)…</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">之類的產品有害人體健康,其中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">GA</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">還是來自於天然,我當然沒有反對的理由。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">但我會提醒以下二觀點。</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">一、不是不能用,但要了解可能衍生的負面成本。</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">二、不當濫用,還是有害生產者荷包與土地永續經營。</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">梨園常見,無意間,長期忽視果園土壤壓實、排水不良、養分失衡、偏酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">…</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">問題,加上最近天氣高多濕,常使得氮肥有效性相對顯著,其他移動性的養分如鈣、硼相對吸收不良。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">前例昭昭。合理量的鈣、硼能提升作物病害抵抗能力;提升品質;延長貯運壽命。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">每年北半球的第一顆梨子就出現在台灣、在台灣就可生產高緯度區域高品質的梨子、完整的栽培管理資訊與技術</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">…</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">是我們在高接梨上的生產優勢,很可惜,我們一直沒有掌握到優勢帶給我們的機會。</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">什麼叫不當濫用?</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">這要從為什麼要使用生長調節劑說起。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">當天候異常或作物生長狀況可能超脫管理者預期,以高接梨而言,例如:擔心低溫對梨穗傷害、授粉著果不良、對果實膨大速率不滿意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">…</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">等,生長調節劑就會有表現的空間。</span><br />
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<span data-mce-style="font-family: '新細明體',serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';" style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">生長調節劑也可視為外源補充用來彌補作物內生荷爾蒙所不及的部分。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">健康作物原有複雜的內生荷爾蒙生成與反饋機制,作物因所在環境、樹體累積養分、根圈礦質肥分、各位置碳氮比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">….</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">都隨時影響其生成與反饋。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">每棵樹都是精算家,隨時盤算資源調度與因應對策。外源的生長調節劑只是管理者的意見,肯定無法精準協助,甚至有可能變成搗蛋的豬隊友。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">作物所在環境、樹體累積養分、根圈礦質肥分、枝條安排、土壤健康狀態、各位置碳氮比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">….</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">眾多影響品質的重大權重因子都須持續關注與經營。以高接梨而言,想做到顯著市場區隔的品質,上述更是重要,更需長期耐心經營與安排。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">生長調節劑或許能解決眼前一時的問題,但那些需要長期經營與安排的根本重大權重因子一直未被正視,梨農肯定走入成本節節高升、良率持續下滑的風險區,終究會被市場淘汰。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">管理者最聰明的對策還是尊重作物的意見,給予合適的生存條件、排除不必要的負擔。建議在需有完整的準備與經驗後再考慮施用生長調節劑,否則,只是拿自己的收入在開玩笑。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">生長調節劑對作物而言,只是給個刺激訊號,作物收到刺激後產生對應的反應。生長調節劑並未提供所需資源給作物,只給訊號指示,不給資源,這般情境常會是揠苗助長。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">例如上述缺鈣硼的事,常發生在施用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">6-BA</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">GA</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">後的果園。果實生長旺盛,膨大迅速,移動性較差的鈣硼反而吸收不足。</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">或許,我們可直覺樂觀地以為補充一些鈣硼給梨樹即可,但經驗揭示通常效果不一定很好。深究其中,您會發現原來還有土壤、溫溼度、修剪、留果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">…</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">等問題也牽扯到鈣硼的有效性。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">所以不要樂觀又輕薄地期待生長調節劑能帶來輕鬆無痛的救贖。</span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">高接梨生產過程中,修剪、嫁接、多次套袋、解袋、採收、分級會耗去果農非常高昂的成本。若在採收當天才發現果實不具商品價值,所有之前投入的成本都會化成泡影。更可怕的是還有很多外觀看不出的內部異常,到了客戶餐桌上才被抱怨,所有美妙的未來都只能留存夢想,也根本地扼殺了台灣高接梨出口良性發展的可能性。</span></span><br /></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-49743003927083404632018-06-17T17:57:00.003+08:002018-06-17T18:05:27.188+08:00這個坑要新台幣678,450元才能填平<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1bhwfaDDf-BSZZ-7hBNhGTLCqAea7NV3z3fE3PZtqKAh38sFf-JFNMZVM0D9c7co1ja6tiv-e8OnFXOKfmWjVaR4vhVOyG93bTRk-GqkUIhsxS7TdD957jpPaoc32aTIwr14_AOvnzM0/s1600/DSC_9971.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1bhwfaDDf-BSZZ-7hBNhGTLCqAea7NV3z3fE3PZtqKAh38sFf-JFNMZVM0D9c7co1ja6tiv-e8OnFXOKfmWjVaR4vhVOyG93bTRk-GqkUIhsxS7TdD957jpPaoc32aTIwr14_AOvnzM0/s1600/DSC_9971.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">熱心格友來信問及,這個坑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(<a href="http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/584544296"><span style="color: #0563c1;">http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/584544296</span></a>
)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">會值多少錢?需花那麼多心力去大題小作嗎?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">以嚴謹角度來說,我沒有直接的答案,因為目前還沒走到那一步。我也真心希望不要走到那一步。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">是那一步?也就是案主定植後,努力管理,花很多心力,三年後發現植株持續衰弱、藥肥無效,決定放棄或耕除重來。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">雖沒有直接的答案,我們可從以下假設來進行推算。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">在輸入種苗、工資與可能藥肥成本,看了直叫人發寒。總共新台幣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">678,450</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">元,這肯定是一筆非常可觀數字。</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxRBKMXexEpXPpq20HhSKZS1xHFuiq1JUCVObr5w-59z9XNcJu9SAeC-etUIHbewWU7DB25-FXELtjDCaCvLtgDV_dowAOkKuTYhVJqBCRS13QS92ogffSW-9cXSQtGE0HCT1w_2PNujw/s1600/%25E7%25BE%2585%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%2581%2589%25E7%25AF%2580%25E8%25B2%25BB%25E6%25A6%2582%25E7%25AE%2597-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="338" data-original-width="600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxRBKMXexEpXPpq20HhSKZS1xHFuiq1JUCVObr5w-59z9XNcJu9SAeC-etUIHbewWU7DB25-FXELtjDCaCvLtgDV_dowAOkKuTYhVJqBCRS13QS92ogffSW-9cXSQtGE0HCT1w_2PNujw/s640/%25E7%25BE%2585%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%2581%2589%25E7%25AF%2580%25E8%25B2%25BB%25E6%25A6%2582%25E7%25AE%2597-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRK8jamc-Hq3n8wH75luiaRgmXUqUvJRuxD4UW7h244Jrs-hLAeikjhSyhUcdgzhqPoHNpmVZGaHyjgJqGA2BtlhUwn0BkrxyBVkw8vbsR82ZW6N-MtjAfB2YWdIo5m3E331CbMbSWCXk/s1600/%25E7%25BE%2585%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%2581%2589%25E7%25AF%2580%25E8%25B2%25BB%25E6%25A6%2582%25E7%25AE%259721-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRK8jamc-Hq3n8wH75luiaRgmXUqUvJRuxD4UW7h244Jrs-hLAeikjhSyhUcdgzhqPoHNpmVZGaHyjgJqGA2BtlhUwn0BkrxyBVkw8vbsR82ZW6N-MtjAfB2YWdIo5m3E331CbMbSWCXk/s1600/%25E7%25BE%2585%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%2581%2589%25E7%25AF%2580%25E8%25B2%25BB%25E6%25A6%2582%25E7%25AE%259721-1.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我驚覺,原來我們常鼓吹的聰明用肥、聰明用藥沒人在乎,應該可在這張圖找到答案。以本案而言,藥肥支出只佔所有成本的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">17%</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">。管理工資雖佔去所有成本的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">67%</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">,但因為農家常會以自家的人力投入管理,把這些工資算會被估算成無價</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(=0)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">或很低。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我相信這是農家許多痛苦的源頭之一,不可小覷之。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD7AKgh-pKBMZl62NRewQcmPrdWMSpn-EyTdjLcaw9n3VIb-VBGrYDByputyLhp3rE8hX6ZDPKsvqf6SgVH9zN0hA8E8s97K_wIZVEm-sauVKvfBdXjTEWNCJEQZSHOlNVr2QLXTlgdkM/s1600/%25E6%2593%25B7318%25E5%258F%2596.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="378" data-original-width="654" height="369" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD7AKgh-pKBMZl62NRewQcmPrdWMSpn-EyTdjLcaw9n3VIb-VBGrYDByputyLhp3rE8hX6ZDPKsvqf6SgVH9zN0hA8E8s97K_wIZVEm-sauVKvfBdXjTEWNCJEQZSHOlNVr2QLXTlgdkM/s640/%25E6%2593%25B7318%25E5%258F%2596.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">土壤穿刺阻力大於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">13kg/cm<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">,作物根系無法穿透土壤向下生長。本案案主若貿然種下番石榴,線蟲、立枯病、炭疽病、疫病肯定接踵而來。過去鄰田的那些先烈應該與此有關。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-11279445685741362792018-06-17T17:54:00.001+08:002018-06-17T17:54:12.825+08:00坑人於無形的坑-田間排水問題<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyi_BVQHZRBmM0mF-Bd9Hxg3mIse8Vn2TkYc5181hGjHTDzjTOTCOCkcJIjwto-Q5QDxwz8bQQcENfbjIjvlEvRaZFZsf2NBI29fGOfWy74udr8xqh4S4Jx7uHyeiV9FYb1T0aR-AsROA/s1600/DSC_9971.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyi_BVQHZRBmM0mF-Bd9Hxg3mIse8Vn2TkYc5181hGjHTDzjTOTCOCkcJIjwto-Q5QDxwz8bQQcENfbjIjvlEvRaZFZsf2NBI29fGOfWy74udr8xqh4S4Jx7uHyeiV9FYb1T0aR-AsROA/s1600/DSC_9971.JPG" /></a></span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">暴雨將襲,我們應景地討論一下這個問題。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">許多農友作物不健康,即使用藥,也不會有良好控制效果。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">針對不少的案例,我都會提出以下另角度觀點供大家參考。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我總會請這些農友注意一下排水問題,常收到回應不外乎是以下五種答案:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;">a</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">沒問題。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;">b</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">田裡淹過水或下過雨,地面半小時就乾。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;">c</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">我排水溝都有疏通。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;">d</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">砂質地土壤不會有排水問題。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-highlight: yellow;">e</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">山坡地不會有排水問題。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br /></span><br />
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其實,土壤排水,千萬不要只看表面。</div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs7ycv0LjgpehMAn4IcHPszlzFADSlMWsrkXg6RsykTrpuXRbiPy0sS_dj7Ud9_DAO95RdFM_73Du6pEDAjj_e7bYreU3kDWufmBAy2oWEUrxWTNl3pqSg_NN9l_7z-o2YSIRLd5Mfy_I/s1600/H.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs7ycv0LjgpehMAn4IcHPszlzFADSlMWsrkXg6RsykTrpuXRbiPy0sS_dj7Ud9_DAO95RdFM_73Du6pEDAjj_e7bYreU3kDWufmBAy2oWEUrxWTNl3pqSg_NN9l_7z-o2YSIRLd5Mfy_I/s640/H.jpg" width="640" /></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">當農地土壤過量含水時</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">大於田間容水量的部分</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,排水方向應可有二方面排出,一是橫向,另一是縱向。地質活動的特性、加以農業機械的活動、頻繁耕地的擾動、雨水與灌溉水淋洗帶動微細黏粒或膠體向下移動沉澱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">…</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等,讓台灣的農地土壤常呈現層狀結構,甚至是無結構但各層次質地存在很大差異。</span></span><br />
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">水分在層狀堆疊的土壤中,幾乎都是橫向運動,難以縱向往下移動。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMpelCCBA6L9-JXCc1ePIqbgwGD9qDQmzwqt3dsMchVVnKheZPeCio4oTpIv92aQo_v93Ktfae60BvyorXDqNbOAloT4CkezlgQViR6cTeOXmU9YxbdoDxFom5tUv1JwYM6wmJbAdMaQU/s1600/%25E6%2593%25B7%25E9%25AB%2598.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMpelCCBA6L9-JXCc1ePIqbgwGD9qDQmzwqt3dsMchVVnKheZPeCio4oTpIv92aQo_v93Ktfae60BvyorXDqNbOAloT4CkezlgQViR6cTeOXmU9YxbdoDxFom5tUv1JwYM6wmJbAdMaQU/s1600/%25E6%2593%25B7%25E9%25AB%2598.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">高雄站資料可見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">10606~10610</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">各月降雨量顯著大於蒸發量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">6</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">7</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">8</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月的降雨量更是顯著暴突。</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvseLXHLlYzRkTI6TACXFVvgjNbvhmDIfZMTVib9SjeHVUlBfiByyDAKg6eJFGW7GYxour42KbaBZBoi68RHCek37Mnn_O2qixilPkOpEvAED4GMSHFHoK8yBzubPEqO9x3XHVWTMY-Gk/s1600/%25E6%2593%25B7%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%258F%2596.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="295" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvseLXHLlYzRkTI6TACXFVvgjNbvhmDIfZMTVib9SjeHVUlBfiByyDAKg6eJFGW7GYxour42KbaBZBoi68RHCek37Mnn_O2qixilPkOpEvAED4GMSHFHoK8yBzubPEqO9x3XHVWTMY-Gk/s1600/%25E6%2593%25B7%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%258F%2596.JPG" /></a></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台中站資料可見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">10606</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">降雨量顯著大於蒸發量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(7</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月因儀器維修</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">降雨量大於蒸發量,多出來的水何去?理想狀態當然是作物攝取。那剩下的呢?只剩橫向移動</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">包含表面逕流</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、與縱向的往下移動是合理去處。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以高雄站</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">106</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">7</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月看來,若表面橫向無法排出,不向下準備個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">60</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公分排水的空間,下完雨肯定與高價行情無緣,只能眼看市場行情高漲,手上卻沒貨可交。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">若能了解這番道理,面對即將來臨的大雨,或許還可遇到一筆機會財運。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"></span></span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所以,為確保表面過多雨水可沿表面徑流排出,嚴格說來,疏通周邊溝渠也算有意義。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">只是,這些水若能存入自家地下水庫,還可得到很多神奇的附加價值:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">a</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">回補區域內的地下水。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">b</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">誘導根系向下發展。肥料可用更少、產量更高、品質更好、農藥也可更節省。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">c</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">可減少不必要灌溉。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">d</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">向下延伸有效土層。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">認真走訪鄉間,許多田區的周邊排水溝有時比田地還高、有時外圍大溝阻塞,橫向排水常是一件很困難的事。此時,縱向排水將是合理解決途徑。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">縱向排水會受排水不良層所阻隔,想讓縱向排水順利一點,改善排水不良曾有其必要性。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">改善越深,成本越高。不見得每案都要改善很深,這與當地的作物種類、雨量、管理者期待、排水不良層位置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">….</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等有關。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">需特別注意的是,縱向排水也會有層次間差異的問題,有時地底下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">30</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公分排水不良,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">30</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公分以下卻沒有問題。有時</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">60</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公分以下排水不良,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">60</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公分以上卻沒問題,即使是同田區也不一定相同。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">若您田間看到下列徵狀:</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">a</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">田區面積平整</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">越大越要小心</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">b</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">根系成平面分布。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">c</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">穿刺阻力高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">可用長桿螺絲起子刺刺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">d</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">犁土發現鏽斑層。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">e</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">葉片會有高溫午睡習慣。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">f</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所在位置在河川沖積平原上。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">g</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">農機活動頻繁。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">h</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">翻耕頻翻</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">……….</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等。建議您也要注意一下排水不良這個問題。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">排水不良會引發根圈病害</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">疫病、軟腐病、青枯病、鐮孢菌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、根圈線蟲,及地上部的病害</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">例如根系浸傷,組織失水</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">高溫所引病害</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以下是另一聰明的青農,擬於一塊空地定植番石榴。老早就耳聞當地許多前輩種過番石榴都血本無歸的慘烈故事,但他還是想種番石榴,因而向我尋求協助。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這是一塊在田尾鄉老濁水溪沖積平地範圍的田區。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDp2Vg-bqTVOvzgMfKS4ukMegOGEvzB91lrgYnO-jrSSwafhoO3xWvL4dt1v1TqdVYS3lmYZ5e0PzLIA67X1AvOtBMMqnphwKQZca511loUtupCa92eSHDXcVcB9MYhVeRbcjpsnAQ19A/s1600/DSC_9965.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDp2Vg-bqTVOvzgMfKS4ukMegOGEvzB91lrgYnO-jrSSwafhoO3xWvL4dt1v1TqdVYS3lmYZ5e0PzLIA67X1AvOtBMMqnphwKQZca511loUtupCa92eSHDXcVcB9MYhVeRbcjpsnAQ19A/s1600/DSC_9965.JPG" /></a></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgax1EBwP0Rw_14u3B2KHfEBpmGpptW3dEFo7fMFevrmx1psd37vqBXsgvx7EZTTwlCudkwlUiwFc7S46TG-dVUNhBNX8HdBNld22R6R6DYl_WrHgqh7AycJ8x-LXVAXMrMzYaaCsWRC9Q/s1600/DSC_9966.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgax1EBwP0Rw_14u3B2KHfEBpmGpptW3dEFo7fMFevrmx1psd37vqBXsgvx7EZTTwlCudkwlUiwFc7S46TG-dVUNhBNX8HdBNld22R6R6DYl_WrHgqh7AycJ8x-LXVAXMrMzYaaCsWRC9Q/s1600/DSC_9966.JPG" /></a></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQPGxZWjc5O_gY1ZC432_PBynlijVhyJzlk_9rUVJU-5tIfJ8FmM7aGJlzSTQ3M2rS_4gY7ItQBAcwRe_hdbGB00nVHjIN5ZMFAJ52mDiTt14U459w5gcPN9p5gJKMM5u6I3dEYwoDcEw/s1600/DSC_9972.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQPGxZWjc5O_gY1ZC432_PBynlijVhyJzlk_9rUVJU-5tIfJ8FmM7aGJlzSTQ3M2rS_4gY7ItQBAcwRe_hdbGB00nVHjIN5ZMFAJ52mDiTt14U459w5gcPN9p5gJKMM5u6I3dEYwoDcEw/s1600/DSC_9972.JPG" /></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLhS9sBOQvnrENVsBHlHaOB01miCU_sbyqKk7x-2oZnOFoPV0bAjZjZxqlUvrm6i1p1M_eDF-oYdb8hvB93WcGs8x8eBoMIU9V3v4U6twJhkLFSM5dvcpMn2pGaJCsA5ceWsonDSbGCN0/s1600/DSC_9979.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLhS9sBOQvnrENVsBHlHaOB01miCU_sbyqKk7x-2oZnOFoPV0bAjZjZxqlUvrm6i1p1M_eDF-oYdb8hvB93WcGs8x8eBoMIU9V3v4U6twJhkLFSM5dvcpMn2pGaJCsA5ceWsonDSbGCN0/s1600/DSC_9979.JPG" /></a></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7TmfZdPiPAcD467J0C3wSHXqV38VduDgEFC2GY3ob7nE9CIxo8guruPLopquigYjkXSlSTvwkQbBv_AbNotZkqZvcLs5Gm-aOzGUXr_RwwXhRnm73ZOerpoQfEn1tyoXxR6HZ9GltnFg/s1600/DSC_9980.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7TmfZdPiPAcD467J0C3wSHXqV38VduDgEFC2GY3ob7nE9CIxo8guruPLopquigYjkXSlSTvwkQbBv_AbNotZkqZvcLs5Gm-aOzGUXr_RwwXhRnm73ZOerpoQfEn1tyoXxR6HZ9GltnFg/s1600/DSC_9980.JPG" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">經實地診斷後發現,全區土壤無結構,表面龜裂,偶有雜草生長,地主也要求清除。全區為古濁水溪沖積平地。土壤經過長期不當管理與強烈擾動,表土目視有機質</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><1 span=""><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span></1></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">速測土壤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> pH7.87 EC(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">土水比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">3) 1.2 mS/cm</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。表土土壤質地為砏質壤土。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">土壤草相以香附子與馬齒莧為主。但生長也不甚理想。人為巨大擾動後,土壤生物相重建中,且因缺水而重建受限。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">眼看他租了田,整了地,還未定植苗木,周邊鄰田農友一直慫恿他快點動手。在他看過土壤剖面穿刺阻力後,他慶信自己還沒動手定植番石榴苗,有道是吉人天相,若貿然開工定植,我可預見未來將會有一堆非常可觀負債等著他。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">作物整合管理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(Integrated Crop Management, ICM)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是近年國際間興起的農業管理技術,作物的健康是由很多條件堆疊而成。長不好、出現病蟲害,通常是之前堆疊的相關條件需要調整,最後以長不好或病蟲害方式呈現,若只有直線地想到用什麼神奇的產品去對抗作物長不好或病蟲害的問題,必然招致失敗散財收局。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">若農夫對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">ICM</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">有興趣,面對作物長不好或病蟲害的問題,應先從金字塔底端逐步踏實做起或逐一查檢,別讓頂端的害物控制成為所有行動的唯一焦點。</span></div>
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土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-11454048075396422432018-06-03T23:14:00.002+08:002018-06-03T23:14:42.908+08:00被我們忽略的地下世界<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我總是看他悶悶不樂的,為什麼來上課時總是面帶憂鬱。在帶領社大成員造訪信哥果園並執行田間診斷後,我才知道真相。</span><br />
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">信哥是位返家從農的二代青農,自知所學不足,持續參與多種進修課程,期待在返鄉務農後能更順利成功。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">因知識上的落差,家中長輩在無意間立下一道屏障,家中長輩沒勇氣接受新方法,無法讓他在自家田間驗證四方所學的新知識。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幾天後,他帶著紅龍果來送我,外觀尚可,但接過手來,我感受到果實的高溫,測了一下溫度,天啊,吹了一段路的冷氣,到我手上居然還有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">33.6</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我說,他家紅龍果出貨客訴多,不耐貯運,除了採收時間要迴避高溫、採後要設法降溫甚至預冷。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">長期以來,根系土壤環境存在逆境、水分蒸散後補給不順遂、養分利用率異常、枝條果實也長期處於高溫條件。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">因此,難怪炭疽病、溼腐病、潰瘍病持續發生,這些問題用什麼農藥都不會見效,唯一的機會只有改善管理思維,從根圈土壤管理做起,才有望脫離眼前困境。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">他說,他會再和家中長輩談談。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">透過紅外線鏡頭,我見到信哥果園頂上枝條溫度可高達</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">41~45</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃,下方果實溫度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">42~45</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃,地上抑草蓆的溫度也可高達</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">46~50</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃,更傷腦筋的是根圈畦面位置從去年年底起覆蓋了數目不詳的肉雞雞糞,至今還是有些異味。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><br />
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">相信這樣的高溫持續累積,造成花果枝條根系的熱傷害可法閃避,周邊任何微生物都可輕易伺機腐生回收,所以,什麼藥都沒用,什麼藥都是多餘的。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我看到茂盛的雜草,也耗去他許多除草的成本。我看到持續萌發的新芽,就像一隻隻的鯊魚劍朝天佇立在果園內,剪也剪不完。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我總是提醒大家要關注土壤與病害的關係,也常被當異端邪說。期待有福氣與緣分的朋友能在這篇文章中找到自己的救贖機會。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">Xu and Huang (2000)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">bent grass (Agrostis spp.)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所進行草皮高溫的試驗,觀察試驗的草皮顏色與植株活力,試驗證明,相較於氣溫高溫傷害,地面根圈溫度的熱累積高溫對植株所造成的傷害更是顯著,隨著根圈溫度升高,傷害越是嚴重。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台灣農地田間常鋪設銀灰色塑膠布以抑雜草,這類人工覆膜無法讓水氣、空氣與熱能順利流通,通常反而會讓土壤微生物飢餓、單調化、根圈土壤缺乏乾溼冷熱的結構發育機會、也把根系誘引向上,最後不免也面臨根系熱衰竭,全株體溫升高,終至染病被回收結束。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">圖中的茄子園,畦面的塑膠布還沒照到什麼陽光,早上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">08:30</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">就已經升到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">33</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃。您能想像,晚些時間,中午的時候,畦面的塑膠布溫度會又多高嗎?全區生長異常除了病蟲害須檢討,人害肯定也須被認真檢討。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">生產者依循法規並安全用藥是合法權益,但是,當您認為農藥成效真的沒法讓您滿意時,不要急著批判植物保護手冊內容落伍,更不要直斷農藥公司沒天良偷工減料。這時,真該捫心自問,您對植物懂多少?您對土壤懂多少?還不真誠面對,那就只有等著被淘汰了。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">同時間,同海拔,相隔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">300</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公尺的另一處紅龍果園,地上雖不是我很滿意的多元化草相,但因土壤相對健康,枝條溫度也低了許多,最高只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">40</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃,最高果實溫度則在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">34</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃。</span></div>
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土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-82079960512523146282018-05-18T15:23:00.000+08:002018-05-18T15:23:08.617+08:00嘉義民雄兩個女人種的黃金鳳梨<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">用好吃、好香、安全、農藥殘毒安心、好甜來形容她們家的鳳梨,真的沒啥意義,且顯俗套。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">您吃過種子飽滿渾圓光滑的鳳梨嗎?我以前未見過,這次在民雄芳滿果園執行土壤與作物營養改良計畫後,這些鳳梨呈現出我也從未見識過特質。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">當土壤健康,鳳梨不必捉衿見肘去應付一堆怪事情,鳳梨有充裕的碳水化合物可累積與運用,自然會以最美妙的姿態呈現出驚人特質。種子飽滿渾圓光滑正是其中之一。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所有作物會傾其全力把種子做好,把果肉做到誘人,期待有緣人把子孫帶向有希望的遠方,並以美味果肉回報種子傳遞者。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">芳滿家的鳳梨其實不至於甜到讓您吃完猛灌開水、咀嚼吞嚥後會自舌根湧起滿口的回甘並口齒生津、香氣具誘引性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">它隨時會提醒您它的位置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在田間,這些鳳梨植株的葉片粉臘質層厚實,卻也顯現光亮。果皮上棘刺硬挺,但裡面的果肉可是鮮黃誘人。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKrtIHHInt1ev27ybvDf4jF0UKh2O73a4CNdCPbv5azIL3rqSDqBdqWsn3O46irmHCJQ1oAiIEMAzbQi29YbVnVoxOJBXaHgi4tLsqWgN3MrMDXfwMXWEqomNqXD_KcmdvppJOF1W60K0/s1600/29260962_435781100186213_1687092952206834796_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="338" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKrtIHHInt1ev27ybvDf4jF0UKh2O73a4CNdCPbv5azIL3rqSDqBdqWsn3O46irmHCJQ1oAiIEMAzbQi29YbVnVoxOJBXaHgi4tLsqWgN3MrMDXfwMXWEqomNqXD_KcmdvppJOF1W60K0/s1600/29260962_435781100186213_1687092952206834796_n.jpg" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我們改善期間已見識過不知名的田間野生動物到田間簽到的痕跡,牠們不顧棘刺的存在,滿足卻守分地大啖幾顆上選的果實。</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">新增說明文字</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我常在想,如果全台灣的每一顆鳳梨都長得如同他們家的鳳梨,我們是不是有機會創造鳳梨出口榮景。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">看過鳳梨,卻未吃過“嘉義民雄兩個女人種的黃金鳳梨”著實可惜,更枉費您讀過我的推薦文。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">https://www.facebook.com/Wu877/</span></div>
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土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-82029768066761298532018-05-17T14:53:00.002+08:002018-05-17T14:53:36.627+08:00硬不硬?關係很大!
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD0Lj3kwLU74XpqMYrza712RX2ud2bFsi3yveIKyfHbPhAdfltYBAfFuhnJqvW_orh5D0OZuZOEhf5vEXDX0yYJFiY9ZjQhWpFW9T1EJaipHZV-lQQ8AL_FnenJuUQq7aBn9BFDGrfTx4/s1600/DSC_3473.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD0Lj3kwLU74XpqMYrza712RX2ud2bFsi3yveIKyfHbPhAdfltYBAfFuhnJqvW_orh5D0OZuZOEhf5vEXDX0yYJFiY9ZjQhWpFW9T1EJaipHZV-lQQ8AL_FnenJuUQq7aBn9BFDGrfTx4/s640/DSC_3473.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">總是囉嗦提醒田間土壤物理逆境常是造成作物病蟲害的重要因子,而且常被忽略。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">這事,總是狗吠火車。我相信不是大家不聰明,只是我沒有感動大家的說明方法。看看以下二例,看有沒有人會被感動。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">這是一片在崙背的蔬菜田,算是濁水溪流域的沖積平原,案主總是不解,同樣管理方式下,田區的某些角落總是長不好,其他地方卻生長良好,長不好的地方也好發蔬菜的露菌病、軟腐病、炭疽病等問題。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">我請他以穿刺阻力計去感受生長好與不好之區域土壤的穿刺阻力差異。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">果然,立即解決他多年來的困擾。他自己發現,穿刺阻力小者,菜長得很好;穿刺阻力大者,菜長得很差,也是常好發病蟲害的位置。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">這些區域的土表面怎麼看都是一樣的,誰會知道底下硬實鬆柔的差異?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">同樣的問題,我們到水稻田卻看到完全相反的呈現狀況。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB4ksiWwG_d7NmfNdxJSdG2D5eQQf6I3iICKdVgCQMpcZFMxNUJNRvTRGDaWDwYVAo6BYMz-RcRNmBw7XqAe4DTMVdyeWEkP6kTfkZ5rNo-orNy2EjZDE1HJDB6FuNwFlfW6uvmvbTsfI/s1600/32214677_1969479503084825_2663675679744196608_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: #0066cc; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration: underline; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="645" data-original-width="485" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB4ksiWwG_d7NmfNdxJSdG2D5eQQf6I3iICKdVgCQMpcZFMxNUJNRvTRGDaWDwYVAo6BYMz-RcRNmBw7XqAe4DTMVdyeWEkP6kTfkZ5rNo-orNy2EjZDE1HJDB6FuNwFlfW6uvmvbTsfI/s640/32214677_1969479503084825_2663675679744196608_n.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">可以明顯地看到這塊傷腦筋的水稻田顏色非常不均勻。這是一塊清水溪旁的沖積地,地質活動讓它相對地勢較高。案主執行友善農法,給的肥料非常少,全區只給了相當於每公頃</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">16</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">公斤的純氮。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB2-gyS3FmeGRHKoD-jjyhyphenhyphenFhLDWMzazWeZTUPRQFxubCEz4MVx7BR8s8ogabH0w6Vfk-nhDnvCU7CxXjPwXJj9O6xay0x0wlr-eugSqLhu-XvzGCGfHKGl1h0Dn5pZqrIc5Qm1wzEitE/s1600/32089778_1969480816418027_6740295780537466880_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: #0066cc; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration: underline; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="484" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB2-gyS3FmeGRHKoD-jjyhyphenhyphenFhLDWMzazWeZTUPRQFxubCEz4MVx7BR8s8ogabH0w6Vfk-nhDnvCU7CxXjPwXJj9O6xay0x0wlr-eugSqLhu-XvzGCGfHKGl1h0Dn5pZqrIc5Qm1wzEitE/s640/32089778_1969480816418027_6740295780537466880_n.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">有趣的是顏色深淺與底下的土壤密實程度有關。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">土壤密實者稻葉顏色較綠,密實程度小的稻葉顏色較淺。顏色淺的部分甚至已經發生胡麻葉枯病。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">胡麻葉枯病常是水稻田肥力貧乏的指標。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">土壤較密實者,毛細管水吸持能力較好,故較保肥,水稻生長過程可獲得充分肥力,故呈青綠色葉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">土壤密實較差者,意味著沙粒、礫石含量較高,毛細管水吸持能力差,保肥能力差,故稻子無法在生長過程中獲取充足養分,故呈黃綠色葉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">若在慣行過量施肥管理下,綠色那一區可能也容易招惹稻熱病。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">總之,發現作物病蟲害時,別忘了往下挖一挖去看看,或許會發掘到一些您從來沒想過的問題。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-78357702099593123252018-05-17T14:50:00.001+08:002018-05-17T14:50:29.576+08:00小鳥教導我們的功課
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">早上台東的維哥傳來照片,他說母鳥已帶小鳥們離巢了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">語氣帶有擔憂、不捨與喜悅,瞬時,我也感受到從台東射過來的慈母射線。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">維哥每天關切著牠們,看著母鳥來回無數次的穿梭,努力餵養那三張吃不飽的小黃嘴。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">他曾經不忍母鳥的辛勞,想出手送幫母鳥抓蟲,讓母鳥輕鬆一些。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">牠曾經不忍小雛在鳥窩內的擁擠,甚至想出手幫忙擴建或置換新居。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">還好,都被及時阻止而中止行動。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">除了慈母的光芒,我還希望維哥有所收穫。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">我提醒牠持續偷瞄並記錄小鳥的生長,除了要讓他感受天地人共榮存的真實感受,還請他去感受為什麼母鳥要挑那個地方築巢,那邊的荖葉生長如何</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">那邊的環境感受如何</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">相對網室內的其他位置,維哥發現鳥巢附近的荖葉生長狀況相對良好、葉片厚挺亮韌、中午更不會睡午覺、光線充足但又不會悶熱、蟲害很少見、即使人站在那邊也相對舒服。</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr5-3EKINFBBrECC5b9EEJ0U5gRIOVx0WZhNQ5_EkFQuzopBTBqEbVMNjcSeqKYBNuCe95bKoEb-3gTkhh1pQqFY84ZNHMK8GmfIhSfO7KpNp4hdlLiCeCH6YOzxViyszqUV7YArqGYUU/s1600/%25E6%258B%25BC%25E5%259C%2596.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: #0066cc; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration: underline; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr5-3EKINFBBrECC5b9EEJ0U5gRIOVx0WZhNQ5_EkFQuzopBTBqEbVMNjcSeqKYBNuCe95bKoEb-3gTkhh1pQqFY84ZNHMK8GmfIhSfO7KpNp4hdlLiCeCH6YOzxViyszqUV7YArqGYUU/s640/%25E6%258B%25BC%25E5%259C%2596.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">我當初只是猜想,鳥的體溫相對高,母鳥築巢除了安全與方便外,舒適通風應更是重要選項。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">鳥巢附近的環境除了滿足母鳥的選擇,也滿足了荖葉的需求,此區荖葉當然相對生長更是良好。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">GLOBAL GAP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">是目前市場上相對完整的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">GAP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">All farm base</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">7.0</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">中論及農地的環境與保育,野生動植物保育角度重點在多樣性、動植物福祉與深入了解其間成員往來關係。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">個人解讀,維護農地野生動植物的多樣性、動植物福祉與深入了解其間成員往來關係不是一個高調的倡議,因為這些觀點也誠實地證明當初吸引生產者入場的環境特質是否改變,這些農地野生動植物的多樣性可視為環境變化的指標,與其說是保障動植物福祉,其實也是保障農民的福祉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">只是,這樣先進的觀念,台灣有多少農友能了解?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">這家綠繡眼母子,教會了我們環境差異對作物收成的影響。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">下一步,我們會再多花一些時間去了解鳥窩附近的微氣候、土壤條件與相對生長較差的地方到底有何差異。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRu4tcwjSqm-MaUbCLyYubYHNcgx0dLJsICcXPsqEpD3_z8DriKpQRRjUqoCO6Osv8IoMOWu2JZhc4QU7C_Ppu8yRa6lff2y0JtaDhTdKulRbnn1HhfqhVEPIBKdLqW9UxtdHX5Wv8bTc/s1600/%25E5%258F%25B0%25E5%258D%2597%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%25A5%25AD%25E5%25B1%2580.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: #0066cc; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration: underline; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRu4tcwjSqm-MaUbCLyYubYHNcgx0dLJsICcXPsqEpD3_z8DriKpQRRjUqoCO6Osv8IoMOWu2JZhc4QU7C_Ppu8yRa6lff2y0JtaDhTdKulRbnn1HhfqhVEPIBKdLqW9UxtdHX5Wv8bTc/s640/%25E5%258F%25B0%25E5%258D%2597%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%25A5%25AD%25E5%25B1%2580.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-56327133715749275592018-05-08T20:33:00.000+08:002018-05-08T20:33:33.862+08:00請原諒我的盤算心機<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7bxkl3-qNoTe-U7PeV7y2OHlVqFWZepktKWWrwdEyUw3r6A3DW8O_bTnLYIZfoIVZ5O98CE0vzNNV2LREjN4NIwXhyphenhyphenELfNgnMsjx3NVaiROzTMjO5j5AShWtO4kc5Oy09xil3D7c0Vg8/s1600/32089797_1077072872430835_2527876531900907520_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="707" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7bxkl3-qNoTe-U7PeV7y2OHlVqFWZepktKWWrwdEyUw3r6A3DW8O_bTnLYIZfoIVZ5O98CE0vzNNV2LREjN4NIwXhyphenhyphenELfNgnMsjx3NVaiROzTMjO5j5AShWtO4kc5Oy09xil3D7c0Vg8/s1600/32089797_1077072872430835_2527876531900907520_n.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這是深感不安的一天。</span><br />
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">女兒發現爸爸一直苦於家中菊花園中的病害,據稱是炭疽病與露菌病,用了很多方法且花了很多錢一直搞不定,女兒不忍,上網向我尋求支援。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">畢竟她不是管理當事人,她只知道父親一直在施用硝磷基的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">43</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">號肥料,用量與施用時間卻無法查究了。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我只好問了她幾個視覺觀察標的:菊花枝葉中午會不會睡午覺?開花會不會不整齊?花朵少?顏色不艷?香氣不足?節間忽長忽短?葉片薄、深綠、大卻不亮?雜草茂盛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">貯運壽命差?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我告訴她,她的父親有過量施肥的習慣。那是根深蒂固的習慣,依我經驗,我外人角度很難在短時間內改變他。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我告訴她我不是義務工作者,出勤的車馬費與諮詢費也無法向她請領。我請他先費心與父親溝通,確認需要我幫忙時,我再抽空過去,免得屆時我是專程撥出時間、花了油錢去為他們的衝突開場。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">過去我扮演二代農返鄉與長輩衝突的引火線角色,當然,其中不乏衝突過後,革命成功,一番新氣象,長輩對二代慢慢建立信心。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">今天,我不得不算計我的有限時間、體力、資源該用在何處?我對土地有熱情,但我還是要先花費在有福氣與緣分的農友。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">農委會想在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年內讓農藥減半,其實一點也不難,追溯問題根源,事實上只要設法先讓肥料補助減少就能釜底抽薪,農藥問題自然改善。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">但無論是減肥或減藥均不能影響農民收益,且產量品質也要更好,這在技術決也不是問題,但如何要取得生產者的信心,樂意配合才是一大難題。</span></div>
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土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-13572893226051492442018-04-30T20:32:00.000+08:002018-04-30T22:12:35.926+08:00倒非為是的農食教育認知<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE-e-yzhl_1SeBL_DhRiFmeVQBLiA_Ua6iXCPqhpr-P-9MDySShX-we-mEOCD5ABerpVNFZFAY9AEke3BMGV5ot1Y8Kv-nrQ-Mg19_s65gsDEq7FM3h6EKlOLEGv2D_Ybzgx9lmSUQLy4/s1600/%25E6%2593%25B7zxcv%25E5%258F%2596.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="575" data-original-width="1010" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE-e-yzhl_1SeBL_DhRiFmeVQBLiA_Ua6iXCPqhpr-P-9MDySShX-we-mEOCD5ABerpVNFZFAY9AEke3BMGV5ot1Y8Kv-nrQ-Mg19_s65gsDEq7FM3h6EKlOLEGv2D_Ybzgx9lmSUQLy4/s640/%25E6%2593%25B7zxcv%25E5%258F%2596.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">以下藍色文字是屏東蓮霧試驗區良食夥伴來信原文內容,值得關切,在此特與大家分享。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">以下只做過標點分段整理,以利輕鬆閱讀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">博士你好,今天收到一個不知道算不算好消息,和你報告一下。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">有一個北部的餐廳一直有跟我拿蓮霧,之前的蓮霧買主一直都沒有什麼交集,只是訂貨會聊一聊而已。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">不過昨天他有來南部還專程跑來拜訪我,說我們試驗的這一批蓮霧怎樣怎樣聊不少。他的客人都反應說,蓮霧的口味和之前的明顯不同,清甜帶有蓮霧味,口感扎實而且多汁,咬下去還會噴汁,不少客人希望他可以幫忙訂購,他跟客人說可惜已經結束,只能等明年了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">聽了之後心中暗暗歡喜,小小的滿足了一下,而且他還說他同一時間叫的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">2</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">批貨,放在同一個冰庫中,另一家的在一個禮拜後開始軟頭或者腐爛變質,而我們的蓮霧到現在超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">2</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">個星期了,這種現象才慢慢出現。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">讚不絕口的同時,他也存在懷疑是不是我們有噴什麼藥劑,類似防腐劑之類的,還和我嚴正聲明,請千萬不要這樣做,這樣他怕他的客人有什麼麻煩。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">聽了之後,我真想哈哈大笑幾聲。和你分享一下。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">這個試驗區也是我們手上減肥案的經典。從新曆年前到今,從開花到採收完,完全未下地面肥。水分管理與葉面對症養分補正是管理重點,案主驚覺過去的肥料用量非常荒唐,而且花了很多冤枉錢,決定好好修正過去的錯誤觀念。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">這故事告訴我們以下重點:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">一、餐廳老闆頗有營業道德,會溯源到田間查明真相,雖說他或許看不懂真相。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">二、試驗區依循</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">B.C.S.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">,少即是多的系統資源投入原則,讓產品本質更好,更具市場競爭力與更長貯放壽命。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">三、作物與土壤健康時,蓮霧的食味特質會讓大家很不習慣,但大家都會很喜歡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">我都慣稱那是古早味。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">四、餐廳老闆對產品又愛又擔心,他也被長久以來的食安輿論給綁束縛了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">捫心自問,若我不是因為在農業生產相關領域打滾已久,我應也會與餐廳老闆有著相同的擔憂。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">建議大家想一想,若您是餐廳老闆,您會怎麼做</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">我們的食農教育在近來</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">年內萌芽發展,突然變為大家重視的顯學,但多數論述又都是見樹不見林的狀態。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">多數聲音總以為無毒、無農藥、無化肥的栽培才是食農教育的核心重點。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">敝人認為食農校育應包含多角度的農事科學,內容應貼近生活,並重新定位農業對我們的意義。大家可以選定一二項食物、找到幾位您可信任的農夫,最好也包含專業慣行農夫,走入他們的園區,了解食物從何而來,正面看待所有生產過程中作為與資材,並充實相關法規。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">消費者走入田區,了解農夫所有作為背後的思維、了解農夫的需求。唯有雙方充分溝通,了解真相,農夫才可以不必刻意包裹遮攔那些消費者看了後會感到過敏的事物。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">食農校育是要修習一輩子的學分,也應是現代人生活一部分。若我們忽視這問題,大家就等於放棄選擇食物的主導權。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;">而大家也確實在忙碌間,無意地忽略了這個問題,確實也等於大家放棄了選擇食物的主導權,所以,到頭來我們還是真的無法有效擺脫大家擔心的食安問題。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br />土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-28047868862501258352018-04-30T08:45:00.004+08:002018-04-30T08:51:47.726+08:00同一條船的信心<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">配合試驗的莓農驕傲地送了我一籃草莓。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">這盤草莓是原本一整籃的一部分。雖說已經冰了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">192</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">小時,中間還是有經運輸易位,曾四進四出冰箱冷藏庫,離開冰箱的運輸時間都在三小時以上。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">中間為了品味冷藏後的口感變化,並分享給幾位有緣人,籃內果實漸少,果實間的空隙讓果實在搬運期間的滾動造成表皮略有傷痕。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">除此之外,味道並未顯著減損,且果蒂萼片略有褐色斑點。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">今天,內人的巧手讓這些草莓有了最後的表演舞台,莓果搭配焦香黃薄的法式薄餅,淋上調製煉乳醬汁,犬子滿足地大啖了二盤。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">這件事讓我有一感慨。其實,這盤草莓順利成功的背後,不是因為我的技術有多厲害,反而是需要大大仰賴農友的信任。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">過去這莓園也一直讓我很傷腦筋,雖說已達水準之上,但一直未達成我要的標準,該修正與調整的我都說了,案主也聲稱都照做了,但就像一隻抓著鉛球的老鷹,怎麼飛都還是怪怪的。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">每每在我百思不解時,不忍我陷入苦思,案主總會在話別前補上一句:老師,我老實跟您說</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">……</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">。前前後後,這句話他們已跟我說了四次,每次坦白內容都不一。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">原來我許多指令都被打了折扣,我不得不問,您們到底還有什麼還沒老實跟我說的事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">坦白了四次,從此以後,一路順利,因為真的沒有什麼還沒老實跟我說的事了。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">之前其實一直他們心有顧忌,不是不願相信我,事實上他們是拿著全家溫飽風險的收入來參與改善計畫。我提出的方法迥異於他們過去的習慣,太簡單,簡單到讓他們睡不著覺、吃不下飯。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我拿掉過多的,補充他家草莓所不足的。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">什麼是過多的?當然是土壤、生態、植株、產品所不需要的負擔部分。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">這些不合理的負擔讓草莓放不久、讓草莓不好吃、讓農民收入減少、讓產季縮短、讓食安出問題、讓作物早衰、讓農地流失、讓國家農業莓競爭力、讓農村蕭條、讓生態不健康</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">……….</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">。說三年也說不完。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">唯一的好處是讓農民能吃得下飯、安心睡得著覺。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">農業是高科技產業、但務農本來就存在許多風險,農民應當了解,想藉農產品過活,穩定的農家收入因來自於良好生產觀念、良好產品本質、良好土壤、穩定農地生態、合理產量、節省不必要的開銷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">…</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">等。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">過去訴諸政府、天氣、行情、通路的抱怨,對農友收入並無大助益。所以懇請各位生產者反省上述各點中,您還有哪些須加強的才是比較務實聰明的選擇。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">期待以後參與試驗農民能對我有同一條船的信心,不要再讓我耗費心力在技術以外的事情。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0aDWs4ynagJ5-aJaj7yjKB02B0JmDZ9R1v-AECPRpvGDFtjDAUqjxTQesaUqAr-PaY3MucMATPVYtYbMKiReryPNvtVwQnc4VZ9gXvaON4eCl9dzLN6HePUprUeeyGaoUGUBx9B2Trzc/s1600/69678.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="645" data-original-width="485" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0aDWs4ynagJ5-aJaj7yjKB02B0JmDZ9R1v-AECPRpvGDFtjDAUqjxTQesaUqAr-PaY3MucMATPVYtYbMKiReryPNvtVwQnc4VZ9gXvaON4eCl9dzLN6HePUprUeeyGaoUGUBx9B2Trzc/s400/69678.jpg" width="300" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp_wMPWT5ww7ugneMS42J36GLBohAMpZ7zWtcVIJJbDCQhCGrqsFUV37r7djfb5P6nmLZgWvWSLvOOnaBN48xKxcpFtfYhN1UHSUfdLN4QGRm-h4K3GYRUEt0dX7LQXay__UQubJ-jLQA/s1600/69677.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="645" data-original-width="485" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp_wMPWT5ww7ugneMS42J36GLBohAMpZ7zWtcVIJJbDCQhCGrqsFUV37r7djfb5P6nmLZgWvWSLvOOnaBN48xKxcpFtfYhN1UHSUfdLN4QGRm-h4K3GYRUEt0dX7LQXay__UQubJ-jLQA/s400/69677.jpg" width="300" /></a></span></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-82682259387071027282018-04-27T12:20:00.001+08:002018-04-27T12:21:14.327+08:00百思不解的怪事<br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">茄園主人直說:奇怪,從種下去至今未給任何肥料,還長得這麼健康茂盛?為什麼?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">即使我努力說明,他還是問我同樣的問題。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">茄園主人過去曾因高山番茄而賺錢,也因高山番茄而差點命喪山野。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">擔憂以後有錢沒命花,只好返鄉下山耕作。長久以來,他一直還是<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">藥肥勝天</b>的信仰者。每每用藥用肥都讓我心顫,見一次,我就唸一次,唸到朋友都快做不成了。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">去年底,案主夫妻倆終於想通了,終於驚覺產品良率質降,藥肥成本偏高,藥肥已不再勝天。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">無計可施下,他們交出園區指揮權,努力留存工作紀錄,認真拍照往返溝通。我一個指令,他們一個動作。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">農曆年後至今的茄子,除了作畦時每分地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">30</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">公斤的台肥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">43</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">號以為基肥外,餘地面完全未施肥,續只針對缺素稍為補充一些葉面肥。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">周遭鄰居都不相信,他們自己也不相信。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">眼前的結果,即使我努力說明原委,他們還是不解。</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">結論:農業是高科技產業,準備不夠,千萬不要入場。</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK3EL3KM1sqijppUSrr3L0GBk-3vC0RkBiW7-ZtwB9QpL_z2P_V_h4XHeJa2JX64Xu5AqaxhsoqId1EeDc7PIJo3W35U82oAhd9KSL8AbECOIFetbZ4mQJ8ZrjHLrE8MdgMrodqrnwqFI/s1600/DSC_0101a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></span><br /></div>
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土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-48440448011649217262018-04-27T11:38:00.001+08:002018-04-27T11:38:48.791+08:00可愛又療癒身心的水稻田<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtoTTrxqQYj5dDXjIrzv6TR4huZClOAdJQdhOrl4ZhdkRHXEDM70nwcAMx85Vup29khFep_LNrVUSz7Q0bO90l4VUUbE3QzNNNAzrhsJcpJN52mVSDJNx8ax74dF-owJQOnfbQvOiq8OI/s1600/DSC_0097.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="484" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtoTTrxqQYj5dDXjIrzv6TR4huZClOAdJQdhOrl4ZhdkRHXEDM70nwcAMx85Vup29khFep_LNrVUSz7Q0bO90l4VUUbE3QzNNNAzrhsJcpJN52mVSDJNx8ax74dF-owJQOnfbQvOiq8OI/s400/DSC_0097.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtDvDsNmh9K2oiBCrdiCz_V_gyVmFrl9riTz4Y4SGdk6BOe4-WtqTBLpanGHLuwduYUtW9u7n_JKFZGL054fCC-_mvK3zYu6JgPq80YErr9OdAnjtHKtX4DsOzLpMM5ZcPjGBN3ct4RmQ/s1600/DSC_0098.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="484" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtDvDsNmh9K2oiBCrdiCz_V_gyVmFrl9riTz4Y4SGdk6BOe4-WtqTBLpanGHLuwduYUtW9u7n_JKFZGL054fCC-_mvK3zYu6JgPq80YErr9OdAnjtHKtX4DsOzLpMM5ZcPjGBN3ct4RmQ/s400/DSC_0098.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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</span><div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">可愛吧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> !</span></div>
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</span><div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">足球場與高爾夫球場因剪草方向留下不同深淺視覺色塊。</span></div>
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</span><div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在水稻田也會看到,而成因不同。</span></div>
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</span><div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這區域一期稻之前作常是給肥量很大的果菜作物,例如茄果、瓜果。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這區域是清水溪沖積土壤,土表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">15</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公分下即是砂石礫層。表土也是接近砂質地或砏質地偏高的組成。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">畦面覆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">PE</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">布,畦間施肥,局部土壤殘肥量差異很大,即使水稻植前有經過全面耕耘,還是會發生稻欉一高一低。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這現象證明幾件事。</span></div>
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</span><div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一、前作施肥量真會影響後作。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">二、前作殘肥無法藉目前耕耘與淹水均勻化。即使是目前砂砏質地偏高者亦是。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如此局部肥分差異是否會對後續造成影響?尚待追蹤。</span></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-3009598537689419862018-04-27T11:06:00.001+08:002018-04-27T11:36:38.832+08:00為什麼不能有差別待遇?<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKvIEhMz17TjiMa5T45_EEqmINCpwFCEw7tBm9TsbIOU_5-a_V4FYsmhhRVVzZsMEtP4JmtfedPG8vkuM2XA2YreETLCUp8dZ_pvunn9mwMRcT-zJmHN_86gXZBCkIOjFr-BZ-fz6HKvU/s1600/DSC_0099.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNzm8JvKaCMdeTGR0YR3JRsWDbOXe34oSt9ANTdkeNgh9hgCYNHlBy8JKI_hB1zJQ0uJPd1_BmhlKN3fBtEg9AuXaWTiHZqhbuubVWhyAEWlb6ioApgZJDzd3r1USCVzdI9FTc5H42lSc/s1600/DSC_0100.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNzm8JvKaCMdeTGR0YR3JRsWDbOXe34oSt9ANTdkeNgh9hgCYNHlBy8JKI_hB1zJQ0uJPd1_BmhlKN3fBtEg9AuXaWTiHZqhbuubVWhyAEWlb6ioApgZJDzd3r1USCVzdI9FTc5H42lSc/s1600/DSC_0100.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfUFvkoYSrgjSmzIMvkR_sWG4aWEZv4u0uveUSTj3hOIy8IP8ckJdO4uT2Wrso5OmbRtf5j1ertio9um9qA1NfkEorb_4egjiZOU0xXU_U5E3pZvh1ARHHQZc7MW53xSIczJp_BqHNq4U/s1600/DSC_0100N.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="239" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfUFvkoYSrgjSmzIMvkR_sWG4aWEZv4u0uveUSTj3hOIy8IP8ckJdO4uT2Wrso5OmbRtf5j1ertio9um9qA1NfkEorb_4egjiZOU0xXU_U5E3pZvh1ARHHQZc7MW53xSIczJp_BqHNq4U/s1600/DSC_0100N.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">茄園主人抱怨已久,他都以同樣方法管理,為什麼這一區的茄子隨便就長得很漂亮,為什麼那一區就一直黃化甚至死亡?是線蟲嗎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">是萎凋病嗎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">是青枯病嗎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我該做的都做了,怎麼還不起色</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">而且一年比一年嚴重。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">今天終於有空來看看,趁機學習學習。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">看了所謂長不好的地方,確實葉片持續黃化,生長進度落後,但還未有死株,此外,也未見嚴重病蟲害現象。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">測試土壤壓實程度,生長差者反而穿刺阻力很低。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">挖起土壤比較,生長較好的地方,土壤中的黏粒相對較多,且無砏質。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">生長較差的地方砂、砏質地較多,且無結構。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">案主有頻繁耕犁與施用殺草劑的習慣,二者的微生物相良性發展都有困難,砂、砏質地較多者肯定更艱困。這條件也呼應案主“一年比一年嚴重”的聲明。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我提出設法提高土壤有機質、砂砏質地重的區域肥料更要少量多次、少用殺草劑、適當對症葉面施肥。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">土壤存在點到點的微域差異,無法藉耕犁或浸水而輕易均勻化(<a href="http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/578182453">http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/578182453</a> ),因此,各區域間的差別化待遇是有必要的。當然,這些差異還是可藉改善土壤健康而縮小。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKvIEhMz17TjiMa5T45_EEqmINCpwFCEw7tBm9TsbIOU_5-a_V4FYsmhhRVVzZsMEtP4JmtfedPG8vkuM2XA2YreETLCUp8dZ_pvunn9mwMRcT-zJmHN_86gXZBCkIOjFr-BZ-fz6HKvU/s1600/DSC_0099.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKvIEhMz17TjiMa5T45_EEqmINCpwFCEw7tBm9TsbIOU_5-a_V4FYsmhhRVVzZsMEtP4JmtfedPG8vkuM2XA2YreETLCUp8dZ_pvunn9mwMRcT-zJmHN_86gXZBCkIOjFr-BZ-fz6HKvU/s1600/DSC_0099.jpg" /></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-73524761963008488292018-04-21T11:14:00.001+08:002018-04-21T11:14:57.373+08:00挨砍的彭厝樟<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">0420</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">早上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">11:10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,天空多雲偶有陽光射入地面,雖然氣溫只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">28-30</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃,但路面因持續吸收熱輻射,有股熱氣直升。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這是一棵生長在林內鄉濁水溪旁的大樟樹,原本應有美好的快樂生活,直到最近應是與電線杆設置基地接近,而面臨重大截肢手術。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我注意到他時,他已被截除到剩下眼前的樣貌,真後悔過去沒有留下他未被截肢前的美麗身影。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我把紅外線攝影鏡頭架上,發現馬路是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">38</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃,發現樹幹與電線杆幾近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">33</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">℃。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我雖了解他凶多吉少,我也只能安靜地離開。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我姑且稱他林內彭厝樟。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">從樹皮看來,彭厝樟其實之前生長順利且保有良好健康條件,他應很不甘怎會突來橫禍,但又無力抗衡。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">續往相隔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">3.6</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公里外竹山公所路旁的那排樟樹,那也是我小時候的回憶之一,現也被人工覆蓋物包圍,雖有高大身軀,但樹皮黯沉,我也為他們擔憂許久,我姑且稱之為竹山公所樟們。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公所樟們即使不是很健康,紅外線測溫也和氣溫相去不遠。小時候,我就是喜歡在樹下狂飆腳踏車,再享受樹下的徐徐涼風。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">現在看來,驟來橫禍讓彭厝樟瞬間元氣大傷。相形之下,竹山公所樟們應該會比彭厝樟長壽一些。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">修剪樹木不是理髮美容,我們修剪的是樹木的枝幹,是他們的血肉,那算是重大手術。</span></div>
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<div style="border-image: none; line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">恣意粗暴的重大手術執行後又把被動手術的苦主丟著吹風淋雨,揭露了執事者的暴行。</span></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-79113042166991404382018-02-22T22:39:00.002+08:002018-02-22T22:40:28.982+08:00古人的土壤肥料智慧<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">上次聽聞</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">鍾仁賜博士的專題,今天再重溫古籍的智慧。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">北宋的陳旉在其所撰之農書</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">/</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">卷上</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">糞田之宜篇第七</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">留下對症肥料施用的精要文字。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">很多字詞我還是看不懂,但略懂其描述輪廓。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我看到:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">不同土地狀況需對應不同的肥料,看土施肥很重要。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">貧瘠土壤經適當施肥可提升作物產量與品質。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">過量施肥,作物虛胖不健康且影響產量品質。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">堆肥不宜日曬雨淋,以免造成成分流失。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">施肥用量需在意作物生長階段,不是一次施足。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">更發現古人把肥料當成藥物,不似現代人的輕率盲目。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">看不請楚</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">? </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">可點下列連結</span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">goo.gl/SRA6yE</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4yOD4cekUWiZNTh6KYH6PFzmUOe8IcWxGRw7tqVlojvaPZoU99u-XGarO-xCRpfML3TkOsW-zwVj3T6_vTutlUsp1lT1PNPDKgGaBx-Bc4Yf8wndaTsrqzsxq23qId_5p4lNW2u0P7tA/s1600/28059308_1880356141997162_3470830085904216215_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="221" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4yOD4cekUWiZNTh6KYH6PFzmUOe8IcWxGRw7tqVlojvaPZoU99u-XGarO-xCRpfML3TkOsW-zwVj3T6_vTutlUsp1lT1PNPDKgGaBx-Bc4Yf8wndaTsrqzsxq23qId_5p4lNW2u0P7tA/s1600/28059308_1880356141997162_3470830085904216215_n.jpg" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">讓我們繼續挖寶。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">元代的王禎農書</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">/</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">卷三</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">糞壤篇第八</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">也明確揭示以下事項。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">應減少不必要耕犁以保養土壤,越貧瘠者越是。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">酸土可適當施用草木灰與石灰。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">低碳氮比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(C/N)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">資材不宜過量施用。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">植株殘骸是土壤碳庫最好來源,不必燒成生物炭。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">溝渠沉積腐植質調整碳氮比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(C/N)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">後良好肥料。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">資源再生,點滴寶貴。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">看不請楚</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">? </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">可點下列連結</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">goo.gl/936F5r</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我越看越覺得古人一定有外星人指點。因為這些事,連現代農人都不是做得很好。</span></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-87985356270659216852018-02-16T22:11:00.001+08:002018-02-16T22:11:22.484+08:00虎頭山的指教<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsURhh1XlVedQiztUxD0UIq-Jj0ZRa2kPbDxrvK2zaLq5PDz7iFEsz1P5Z2ZMroojjEWb0ksfCEae_bZOn-nOO-W6utDzBJOusQt_S3kgmnVwVM6pH5xoUcNCpYSGZkoQ2Vs_mQnXPkTU/s1600/DSC_7265.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsURhh1XlVedQiztUxD0UIq-Jj0ZRa2kPbDxrvK2zaLq5PDz7iFEsz1P5Z2ZMroojjEWb0ksfCEae_bZOn-nOO-W6utDzBJOusQt_S3kgmnVwVM6pH5xoUcNCpYSGZkoQ2Vs_mQnXPkTU/s1600/DSC_7265.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">大年初一的早上,花點時間去虎頭山散步曬太陽,再次收到來自自然的指教。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">走入櫻花步道,驟聞其名,心中不免有所期待,但繼續走去,真是令人失望,我好像聽到每棵櫻樹都在吶喊、求救。</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這裡的櫻樹,很不健康。輕者樹皮黯淡,枝條瘦弱無力、花芽不飽滿。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">重者須以鋼索協助扶立、也見不少腐朽樹洞,及嚴重感染腐生菌的枯枝,最後終究難逃重度修剪與砍伐的命運。</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV39y7WWnkuR0BmADzBO0f0mWorZVqHVOC3A2hjHPJfGNLzKMf_YkzWYDUkKrHIzPsV4IpPU0taJ6H3nSxLTQoQxK9kSuxKLA5R8BY0slw3t7rFZgw4tpflFeTW1HrAMrkVuZuGkEtDh0/s1600/DSC_7289.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV39y7WWnkuR0BmADzBO0f0mWorZVqHVOC3A2hjHPJfGNLzKMf_YkzWYDUkKrHIzPsV4IpPU0taJ6H3nSxLTQoQxK9kSuxKLA5R8BY0slw3t7rFZgw4tpflFeTW1HrAMrkVuZuGkEtDh0/s1600/DSC_7289.JPG" /></a></div>
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">總之,若把這條櫻花步道改名成櫻花墓園並不過份。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">往前走去的三分山遇到一個畚箕狀山凹地形,在這裡只有長得快的山麻黃或黑板樹可筆直生長。</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUEeqMnI2p70Y15fFuGQKcjhW6lJRDzF-6pddNtV91sYO3srfcheAQtXgai-GEHsHML0Y1yxYtMTI7mxE2ruWiu_9hyxUiPeewKFBzYKQ6hhIS5F9TPJXBNndZHpEbGFVhL-tMma51MoU/s1600/DSC_7288.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUEeqMnI2p70Y15fFuGQKcjhW6lJRDzF-6pddNtV91sYO3srfcheAQtXgai-GEHsHML0Y1yxYtMTI7mxE2ruWiu_9hyxUiPeewKFBzYKQ6hhIS5F9TPJXBNndZHpEbGFVhL-tMma51MoU/s1600/DSC_7288.JPG" /></a></div>
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所有長的慢的樹種,也需要陽光,但長高的速率實在無法與山麻黃或黑板樹匹敵,只好讓自身儘量瘦長,並彎曲枝幹指向陽光的方向,因此成就了許多奇異的樹型。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這地方的緯度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">北緯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">25)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與海拔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(220M)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,對山櫻花而言,已經是頗為艱困了,但又硬是被種在這樣陽光不足的環境,這邊的每株山櫻只剩樹冠層濾過後的狹縫斜角陽光可撈,但那珍貴的陽光可是非常稀罕並短暫。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台灣曾有一段櫻花熱,不論島上的各角落,好像各地方長官腦海中都有櫻花雨的畫面。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">於是,那時好多地方都被種上了櫻花。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">歐錫坤、陳琦玲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(2002)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">指出臺灣原生山櫻分布於全島</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">500~2000</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公尺的闊葉林,完成休眠所需量為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">190CU</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。因此,越是溫暖的地區</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">含較低的緯度、或較低的海拔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,相對要滿足</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">190CU</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">會比較不容易。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">過了近二十年,很多櫻花都死了。以虎頭山而言,日照不足且低溫蓄積不足應是這邊櫻花所承受最致命的壓力。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我們身邊的植物或作物,可能因我們特定的目的,以我們設想的方式,被定植在我們期待的空間內。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我們忽視其合理需求,只想到我們的美好期待。這些植物或作物悖離我們的期待,甚至走向死亡也是合理的過程。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">最近,我在思考生物擾動的議題,看樣子,看待我們作物與土壤的健康時,人類活動的影響不能被忽視。看待生態、也要把人為影響算在裡面。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">參考資料</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">歐錫坤,陳琦玲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(2002) :</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">臺灣原生山櫻花的需冷量評估</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">中華農業研究,</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">51(1)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">25~32</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。台中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">:</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">農業試驗所。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-78236136661178675832018-02-04T17:43:00.000+08:002018-02-04T17:43:44.735+08:00點滴救橘樹<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">陪著一群橘農上山診斷田區果樹,一行人非常熱鬧,也展露了他們直覺的反應。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">他們說,點滴吊一瓶還是不夠力,下周還要再加一瓶。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">他們說,現在的農藥肥料都偷工減料,效果很不好。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">他們說,氣候異常,老天都不照顧我們,跟政府一樣。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">他們說,這裡土壤不好,硬梆梆的,橘子的樹根都釘不下去。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">他們說,今年橘子大豐收,大家價格都很差。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我說,你們的土壤很棒,不然你們的爸媽沒法賣橘子把您們養大,再把土地交給您們。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我說,你們的肥料都有效,不然雜草不會這麼肥美。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我說,你們用的殺草劑都是真的,而且效果不錯,不然不會全區雜草都同時餓死。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我說,你們用的殺草劑都是真的,而且效果不錯,不然橘樹的根不會迅速黃化腐爛。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>老天與政府都對您們不薄,是你們自己要檢討。連土壤的通氣排水問題都看不懂,還敢說您們是專業橘農?</strong></span></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-86662356122979714212018-01-20T10:49:00.000+08:002018-01-20T12:39:11.204+08:00關於柑橘“退酸增甜劑”這件事<br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">橘子紅了的季節,大家也再度重溫了這個議題。</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">到底柑橘「退酸增甜」這件事該不該擔心?這問題先不談答案,請大家耐心看完小弟的見解,答案自然浮現。</span></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;">傳播種子的酸甜策略</span></strong></h3>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">人類的味蕾自有其天生喜好,曾有對初生嬰兒味覺的研究發現,嬰兒喜歡甜、甘、一點點點鹹味;不喜歡苦、酸。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">研究者推論這應是持續演化下的人體直覺反應。觀察在我們身邊的食物,確實可見甜代表快速吸收的熱量,甘代表可快速利用的氨基酸,鹹代表礦物質。苦意味著植物鹼或不成熟,酸也代表不成熟或腐敗。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">所以,註定了,我們天生的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">DNA</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">就要我們有所好惡。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">所以大家不喜歡柑橘果實酸,喜歡柑橘甜是理所當然的事。我相信出門採集果實的鳥獸應也有這樣的好惡。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">都談動物的需求,我們也來看看柑橘的觀點。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">當然,這是前人研究,也是人類的觀察,肯定沒人採訪柑橘的心聲。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">柑橘沒手腳旅行,傳播種子必然會有些策略。酸與甜正是其心機的展現。</span></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;">柑橘為什麼會酸?</span></strong></h3>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">那肯定是成熟度不足,成熟度這三個字,表面是果實成熟度不足,實質是種子成熟度不足。柑橘其實想藉甜美果實誘引採集者,前來採果,大啖一口果肉,滿足地噴射種子。葉片養分回流到種子時間不足前,這個果實還不能離開母樹,她們不想在種子未成熟之前被哪個莽撞的笨蛋摘果壞了好事。這時柑橘會為果皮塗上低調黯淡的塗裝,這時果肉還會很酸,甚至澀。這與甜柿未熟前的苦澀味,心機同出一轍。</span></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;">那柑橘為什麼會甜</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;">?</span></strong></h3>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">種子成熟度夠了,柑橘母樹會開始升高果肉的甜度與風味,為果實換上亮麗紅艷新裝,並釋放果香。這時是詔告天下,果實熟了,快來採果,順便幫她們傳播種子。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">柑橘的甜味是感謝種子傳播者的禮物特質與柑橘母樹的心機,試想,今年吃完橘子拉肚子或吃到讓傳播者很不開心的果實,明年還會有誰想幫她們傳播種子?所以,母樹會竭盡能力把禮物準備到最好的狀況,</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/86714291" style="-ms-word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; transition: 0.3s;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #17a8e3; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Helvetica; mso-hansi-font-family: Helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US">但這會耗去很多庫存的有機養分,排擠許多其他常態運作的資源</span></span></a></span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">,諸如:抵禦逆境、抵禦病蟲害、貯藏、維持、生長等功能也會受影響,其實是代價高昂的事。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">還好,健康的果樹能把資源做到最良好的調度。但有愚蠢人為介入影響時,那就另當別論了。</span></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;">那柑橘為什麼不夠甜?</span></strong></h3>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">甜味肯定不是從肥料來(肥料倉沒見過螞蟻搬肥),甜味是從葉片行光合作用而來。在我所見的田間經驗中,果實甜味不足常導因於提升甜味的有機養分不足分配、果實太多、光合作用條件不足、樹體衰弱、成熟期氮肥攝入過量、日夜問差大、土壤逆境</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">酸化、根系淺、通氣排水不良</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">)</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">、病理因素、種子養分輸入時間不足</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">….</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">。</span></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;">聰明又愚蠢的人類</span></strong></h3>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">果樹的生存策略中,傳宗接代是重要目標,因此,善用並靈活調度資源以生產種子是她們窮盡一生的職責。人類了解她們的天生職責,所以會有人在種子近成熟期,給母樹一點壓力、給一點逆境。柑橘母樹感受逆境與壓力,為了把握有限時間及有限資源,會努力地把有機養分迅速灌入果實與種子,免得這蓋了八成高的大樓被毀了。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">這般的迅速調度,滿足了管理者的需求,果樹原本的生產與調度也被擾亂了。這樣的擾亂需要更多的時間來彌補與修正,且傷害頗大,作物受害物或外源因素傷害風險驟升,管理者若未適時幫助,柑橘母樹必然走向凋零,甚至死亡。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">理解這樣的原理之後,大家應可想像,過去有人使用特定</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">A</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">催甜劑(以下以</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">A</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">代稱,因這類物質市場上還有同型替代物,我們不明示,以免又有人自作聰明),快速製造柑橘的逆境,讓果實迅速甜美。後來發現</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">A</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">會對人體有害,農友更發現對柑橘樹傷害很大,聰明的農友應不會想繼續使用。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">現在也有提高果實甜度的方法,相對較溫和,也對消費者沒啥影響。有人以提高磷鉀方式來抑制過多的氮攝取、有人以鈣硼、有人以限水、有人以</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">….</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">。目前許多標榜後期提升果實甜度的肥料產品應是不含</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">A</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">成分。</span></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;">該反省了!</span></strong></h3>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">無論如何,以上都是展現人類想讓果實甜,想獲取更多市場利益的單向直線思考。久而久之,土壤改變了、樹的生存與資源調度方式也改變了。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">所以,我一直努力推動</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/104870/" style="-ms-word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; transition: 0.3s;"><span style="color: #17a8e3;">B.C.S.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #17a8e3; font-family: "新細明體" , serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Helvetica; mso-hansi-font-family: Helvetica;"><span lang="EN-US">,單純回復土壤與作物常態的簡單古早味桶柑</span></span></a></span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">就可以驚動大家。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">我們是不是該檢討過去習以為常,倒非為是的思維?有人在意勞工權益,有人會談動物福祉,事實上,很少人在意與我們永續健康與食安息息相關的作物福祉議題。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">話說回來,到底柑橘退酸增甜這件事該不該擔心?建議大家不要在這裡找答案,大家要對自己的食物負責,應該下田去找農夫,走走看看,增進自己的食農常識。找到您信任的農人,看看他的果樹是不是健康?樹皮是不是光亮?味道是不是您喜歡的?過去有害人體與果樹的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">A</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">,是被摒棄了,取而代之的</span></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">非</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #444444; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">A</span><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">,雖對人體無害,但也須被我們關注與正視。</span></span></div>
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土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-32068321511021278322018-01-12T11:36:00.000+08:002018-01-12T12:15:11.580+08:00天生地養咸豐草的通天本領<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我們總是只在意作物身上那些眼睛看得到的位置,更在意眼前的豐碩果實,這不是壞事。但還是有其他更多需要關心的事。因為那些看不到的,常是那些看得到的根基。</span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">今天我們來向咸豐草學習。</span></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">書上有寫,咸豐草可以佔有貧瘠土地的環境優勢,別人長不好,她們卻很少有適應不良的問題。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">這種剽悍的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">“</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">恰查某</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">”</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">其實不只在貧瘠土地可占優勢,過量施肥的田間也常見其蹤跡。</span></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">嚴格說來,應該是在我們生活中,她們比多數的植物還有略奪資源,佔有空間的本領。</span></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">但您知道,她們憑什麼有此通天本領?</span></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">所有植物都是貪婪的嗜醣者,不怕糖尿病,只想爭取陽光、合成葡萄醣,壯大己身,達成繁衍族群的使命。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">一朵成熟咸豐草花應可帶有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">20~30</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">枚種子</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,即使能全部發芽,也不可能是所有幼苗都可順利達成使命。期間一定會歷經不少空間、資源爭奪,留下來的都是不簡單的佼佼者。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">許多做植物營養研究的先進會選擇乾淨的石英砂耕方法來研究各種主題。石英砂就像玻璃,可把土壤複雜層狀結構與吸附性質的影響降至最低,只是單純地提供作物根系的機械支持。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">媽祖娘娘在竹南龍鳳宮附近的海邊幫我們安排了一場咸豐草砂耕試驗,期待能開示更多的有緣人。</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdVLGm9Pg1wCHGbASf5uqN0-UT4YVK4lozzmNMdwYFlLuuZkq6_QxVeKopMBtqCFNq0DUHcPmbd1HhsVIBpLLd9Vfxn6SFH2f2D7yOzWp5uszsPOx0URuHYk2yP0gCEuTbkqCfTPon4c/s1600/DSC_0417.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="484" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdVLGm9Pg1wCHGbASf5uqN0-UT4YVK4lozzmNMdwYFlLuuZkq6_QxVeKopMBtqCFNq0DUHcPmbd1HhsVIBpLLd9Vfxn6SFH2f2D7yOzWp5uszsPOx0URuHYk2yP0gCEuTbkqCfTPon4c/s400/DSC_0417.JPG" width="400" /></a></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">某年夏天午後,我和兒子在海邊閒逛,看到沙灘上有一株咸豐草,生長在一支告示牌的鐵桿底下。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">她長得特別壯碩,葉片厚挺亮韌、枝梗強健,一旁同是咸豐草的同胞卻是一副苦難饑民樣。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">下午二點,她完全沒有失水萎凋現象,好似吹著口哨,整痛快地享受日光浴,貪婪地煉醣中。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">她憑什麼如此出眾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">?</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">應不會有人那麼無聊,來沙灘上為這株咸豐草澆水施肥吧!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我們看了半天,當時只能推論以下原因:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">1.</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">告示牌下,相對不受路人踐踏。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">2.</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">告示牌下,路過公狗會施肥。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">外圍確實有幾隻可疑公狗監視著我們無聊父子倆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">)</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">3.</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我注意到告示牌鐵桿應有鍍鋅處理,雨水可能會把其上物質淋洗入土,成為作物部分礦質養分。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">4. </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">告示牌像個集水器,或許可把空氣中的水分凝集向下輸送。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">接著,我小心地連根圈砂土慢慢挖出根系,只見根系上沾滿細砂,就像沾滿一層均勻芝麻與花生粉的麻糬,怎麼拍彈敲,都頑強不掉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTa3t8RJW2RVqYoQS7ygYKzOO1ojfRrRmqefOfGlaTcbmBLFd66NlzysHUy_k0j8S5GmHlVFe1jqk1f6nV7Qv01uDGtaroJq6B2lNzND9NmqgHngRyEGNe1tFbLnqdzlhtoJ8FmjiYQfo/s1600/DSC_6213.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="484" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTa3t8RJW2RVqYoQS7ygYKzOO1ojfRrRmqefOfGlaTcbmBLFd66NlzysHUy_k0j8S5GmHlVFe1jqk1f6nV7Qv01uDGtaroJq6B2lNzND9NmqgHngRyEGNe1tFbLnqdzlhtoJ8FmjiYQfo/s400/DSC_6213.JPG" width="400" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQufrTpoKALNTp74lsxSQQRTJxSSQezYd-mca1ZwBJMnIkqZHWrFYSrASckT0gTZbjCvfCSnlCDNwWeiEGvhZLctp968NE-VLcQomNluVDLQgVcouNj2OXBuMb0cDDgUO86UNaiIIhhyQ/s1600/Image-10_2016-12-03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQufrTpoKALNTp74lsxSQQRTJxSSQezYd-mca1ZwBJMnIkqZHWrFYSrASckT0gTZbjCvfCSnlCDNwWeiEGvhZLctp968NE-VLcQomNluVDLQgVcouNj2OXBuMb0cDDgUO86UNaiIIhhyQ/s400/Image-10_2016-12-03.jpg" width="400" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxBCvNV8YBKvAQo7ZS4GqUrvX2XtmpQWi5frnuOe6vJ6wcDtUpA_2bgq0-UabswgX-BwPXaOuq-spEDU3zLi4EGQIAsFI3WIS-vgwjZ5q-sP_Qvbs8KKgCycznJ1r6ISJD2fIILN3Hk7k/s1600/Image-11_2016-12-03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="363" data-original-width="484" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxBCvNV8YBKvAQo7ZS4GqUrvX2XtmpQWi5frnuOe6vJ6wcDtUpA_2bgq0-UabswgX-BwPXaOuq-spEDU3zLi4EGQIAsFI3WIS-vgwjZ5q-sP_Qvbs8KKgCycznJ1r6ISJD2fIILN3Hk7k/s400/Image-11_2016-12-03.jpg" width="400" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFyH0KvtAmldjO3Bac2c7Zu9kjyZDt9x5yOeX_NhE4MiGh8v_7aJCYNnliMsRzk5dflnyYDHlYWGBAZEF7eLrs5hCPQKUF90rtlbgqkHUJdJV6ctZkJds9Eru-sLnIVKnkzxa9X4yTAdU/s1600/Image-9_2016-12-03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="363" data-original-width="484" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFyH0KvtAmldjO3Bac2c7Zu9kjyZDt9x5yOeX_NhE4MiGh8v_7aJCYNnliMsRzk5dflnyYDHlYWGBAZEF7eLrs5hCPQKUF90rtlbgqkHUJdJV6ctZkJds9Eru-sLnIVKnkzxa9X4yTAdU/s400/Image-9_2016-12-03.jpg" width="400" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0tLxmnoKJyKlMkd_uyuZlaJakMfCom2-ElL5QvzmbscYmwviyblQilo_uJTBee_bXlh8VTqXbBbxvrlnkPClBDuHL31H9RtJlxSGpPbBLyy4hxcavbHTQvJ4Ud__w3qHQeX-TGuEg1Jk/s1600/Image-1_2016-09-10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0tLxmnoKJyKlMkd_uyuZlaJakMfCom2-ElL5QvzmbscYmwviyblQilo_uJTBee_bXlh8VTqXbBbxvrlnkPClBDuHL31H9RtJlxSGpPbBLyy4hxcavbHTQvJ4Ud__w3qHQeX-TGuEg1Jk/s400/Image-1_2016-09-10.jpg" width="400" /></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">拿到顯微鏡下,始見奧秘。原來根系上附有一些菌絲,菌絲應帶有黏性,這些微細砂利得以沾附在根系上,多翻找一下,還可見到許多孢子囊。我雖無設備去做鑑定,但我知道這些菌絲與她的出眾優勢有關,菌絲在咸豐草的根系醣分餵養之下得以存活,菌絲也向外去收集水分與礦質養分,成就咸豐草逢榮茂盛的地上部。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我記得小時候,媽媽會拔取田裡的咸豐草,曬乾後煎煮成青草茶當成我們夏天的茶飲,即使未加黑糖,茶中也會有苦中略帶甘甜的口感。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">見過咸豐草的通天本領,媽祖娘娘給我以下啟示。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">1.</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">地底下有很多被我們忽視的事與機制,正安靜地運轉中。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">2.</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">作物與地下微生物存在脣齒相依關係。作物根系醣分餵養根圈微生物,微生物向外去收集水分與礦質養分,回饋給作物。原來這件事,到處都有。前人研究告訴我們,越是人為影響越少的地方,越是隨處可見。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">3.</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">過去我們都說,健康土壤才有健康作物。然而餵養根圈微生物的醣分都來自於健康的植株,我們不能排除健康植株也會促成土壤生物團粒良性發展的可能性。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">4.</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">微生物的世界也是弱肉強食,環境資源爭奪的國度。根圈有多量無礙的微生物存在時,因資源與空間排擠或物種間的毒他戰爭,其他微生物入侵機會較少,其中,包含大家所謂的病害微生物,甚至是線蟲。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">5.</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">微生物看似能力強大,其實也相當柔弱。我們在田間的許多不當外援投入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">殺草劑、殺菌劑、農藥、肥料、蓖麻粕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">、極端</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">pH</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">、極端</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">EC</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">、缺氧逆境、作物衰弱、恣意放生</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">能耐與特性不詳的外源微生物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">、缺乏粗纖維有機質</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">…</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">等都會讓根圈微生物與作物微妙關係動盪不安。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">看不過癮?還有這篇文章可參考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">( http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/458865202
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土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-36596213367052105272018-01-08T16:30:00.004+08:002018-01-08T16:30:57.938+08:00土壤作物醫生館是在幹什麼的?<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZBvUZs3EUZPYIS-FiyuEbpu-hUsJ9k2avTuvNsnFGnERa_O5eoTOUs7bPRJu3DGRyKMSMGicBh39hmO1XbLcW949VbxbrX1LbjgA6VeGavdwNKWUgKjG3PJgNNBXi5M2ZepKDSZLRpXc/s1600/DSC_5708.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="484" height="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZBvUZs3EUZPYIS-FiyuEbpu-hUsJ9k2avTuvNsnFGnERa_O5eoTOUs7bPRJu3DGRyKMSMGicBh39hmO1XbLcW949VbxbrX1LbjgA6VeGavdwNKWUgKjG3PJgNNBXi5M2ZepKDSZLRpXc/s400/DSC_5708.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj23LHMFYwazSIHTnzBvg70h3ghUgHD2f-NnJaVkzv6XjyhizM5XIJEZOCUpbX-Hs0Al6pmQWcLYPVuKjhGYNOQvFjcin-ese47H6cuuReGoLZHIU9xSh2s-CIL72CmZfvMAVm-sHrkK8/s1600/DSC_5750.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="484" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj23LHMFYwazSIHTnzBvg70h3ghUgHD2f-NnJaVkzv6XjyhizM5XIJEZOCUpbX-Hs0Al6pmQWcLYPVuKjhGYNOQvFjcin-ese47H6cuuReGoLZHIU9xSh2s-CIL72CmZfvMAVm-sHrkK8/s400/DSC_5750.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我們在忙什麼</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">?</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">土壤作物醫生館成員由技術專家與農友組成,這群傻子正努力走在一條全新的路上,自詡以科學排除田裡的障礙,幫助農友減少農藥與肥料,提升產量與品質、協助農產品特色行銷。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我們不會拿別人頭髮來試火,也不會借農友肉身手足破牆,我們與農友一同用有限的私有資源去進行我們有興趣的議題。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我們的決心</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">越來越多有緣分與福氣的農友持續配合我們的想法,以根本方法去經營田間的生物擾動環境,往作物整合管理的路上持續走去,並獲致了驚人成效。因為田間生產事,是一門整合科學,當我們想要把成果歸因於是什麼因素造成眼前的美味果實,那又是冗長繁複的過程。說清楚,大家都口吐白沫了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所以,難免有部分見樹不見林的科班專家批我們不夠科學。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">過去認知中,偶爾的機會,發現石破天驚的現象,單離出觀察系統的各項變因,提出假說,並設計一連串試驗證明假說的成立,成果若能持續再現且可劃分出各項變因權重就可被稱為科學。以上是我們常態對科學的認知。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">土壤作物醫生館的研究議題都是整合性的長期計劃,且各案狀況都不相同,過去申請計畫很不吃香,審委不一定有空或有能力了解,也擔心計畫的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">KPI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">無法達成,計畫經費很難過關,即使無經費相助,我們還是與夥伴們努力做著我們認為正確的事。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">什麼是生物擾動</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">?<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">生物擾動對環境有著深遠的影響,可視為動植物對土壤和生活環境的重新塑造過程。生物擾動是生物多樣性的主要驅動力,各生物在系統內有一棲位,彼此間存在複雜的往來關係,成就複雜的食物網上,讓資源與能量得以永續循環或轉移。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以農地空間而言,需考量土壤上、土壤下、作物身上的空間環境,除了作物、土壤、其中生物、害物的相互關係,更不能忽略人類在其中的影響。</span></div>
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</span>土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-87229134645481498562017-12-14T11:29:00.001+08:002017-12-15T07:15:44.823+08:00過分簡化的關係式<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">絕大多數的人,總以為只要停止破壞行為,土壤自然會恢復原來的健康狀態,這是大錯特錯的想法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">事實上這樣的簡化關係式,害慘了很多人,也讓我們無法擺脫食物安全的問題,讓我們的安全農業很表面化。若不正視這個問題,農委會想在十年內把農藥減半,肯定是需要天降奇蹟。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">以長遠幾億年的地球歲月來看,輕微的可逆污染或損害,或許可在幾百年內慢慢自淨修復。但任何一個農民在田地裡有力氣可耕作的時間只有幾十年,真靠農事生產養家活口的人,應該沒有人可以耐心等待漫長的自淨復育時間,</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">更何況有些問題是無法藉自淨復育來改善的。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">表面有機擁護者的看法裡,在農地中,所謂的破壞行為,施用化學肥料與農藥應屬頭號罪行。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">但是,在農地中,停止使用化學肥料、農藥與改善土壤健康,沒有直接相關。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">以下為敝人對健康農地土壤的定義</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">一、土地可生產無害健康的農作物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">( </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">重金屬、農藥、污染物質都在危害濃度以下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">二、生產的農產品具有良好的市場價值而且批次間差異不大</span>。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">三、土地可以永續使用與栽培健康作物,無愧於子孫。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">作物健康與土壤狀況息息相關,而且每塊田地存在各自不一樣的限制因子。確實有不少限制因子與濫用化學肥料和農藥有關,但也有不少限制因子與化學肥料和農藥沒有關係。嚴格說來,應該與管理者的作為相關性最高。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">所以不要再天真地期待停止施用化學肥料或農藥,土壤自然會健康,重點在於是否以科學的角度去修正土壤中的限制因子。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">這篇文章</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(<a href="http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/548319985">http://blog.xuite.net/albert7452/twblog/548319985</a>
)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">內的兩個案例就是最好的說明。當田間土壤持續存在限制因子,且未被解除,作物持續生長不良,又怕運氣不好被檢出農藥,只能傻傻地持續使用儀器不認識的各種資材。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-395270350110000849.post-10101122413327939702017-11-29T18:00:00.001+08:002017-11-29T18:02:18.973+08:00杯子裡的番茄<br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWk0hOSEdpCoY7I0lo5P4IiVlNVM64SdZdArQZT9CYG2N-vm6IVKa-P2_YEpTsrtkDzpHftavi-nKiFi6eyLhsV6TbK-sfDq_LS18MvybiyCSJwr_2BP50NPfEUFYNGFsWnSYQUwSRwG4/s1600/DSC_0428.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="562" data-original-width="484" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWk0hOSEdpCoY7I0lo5P4IiVlNVM64SdZdArQZT9CYG2N-vm6IVKa-P2_YEpTsrtkDzpHftavi-nKiFi6eyLhsV6TbK-sfDq_LS18MvybiyCSJwr_2BP50NPfEUFYNGFsWnSYQUwSRwG4/s320/DSC_0428.JPG" width="275" /></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">這篇文章沒有任何不敬與挑釁目的,只希望有緣人看到,不要再跳坑受害。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60Da7MINQ-7JB-fva7AAxdO-BB6G3KunIpj2r23pr3Ebx0i_kDP0rokTfYP_AHn9KXMhVEjN1LZWFaqz6rnt71fDh9DMPZwXBfqAIXuZhd7J7GGv-YVwIrqevU9Hsaf4ENNvoduj3UBI/s1600/91815.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="725" data-original-width="484" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60Da7MINQ-7JB-fva7AAxdO-BB6G3KunIpj2r23pr3Ebx0i_kDP0rokTfYP_AHn9KXMhVEjN1LZWFaqz6rnt71fDh9DMPZwXBfqAIXuZhd7J7GGv-YVwIrqevU9Hsaf4ENNvoduj3UBI/s640/91815.jpg" width="424" /></a></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">您會把番茄種在杯子裡嗎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">若是,番茄會發生什麼事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">案主是位新手青農,花費了大筆資本,種了番茄,但一直不是很順利。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">到現場後我看到:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4kpp2KF1dn2OX2KymMGPBf_cKcABQ3Syt3rpJk4FJ_8X84LdWy5VZC6_-XPGqyfHAWeJVELB6vfEL4e1T8wdIPqF90YwvfevdOJWVKEPsb4fUVxGa2oF8fyrmsusQ8960VQNegriaom8/s1600/DSC_0069.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="484" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4kpp2KF1dn2OX2KymMGPBf_cKcABQ3Syt3rpJk4FJ_8X84LdWy5VZC6_-XPGqyfHAWeJVELB6vfEL4e1T8wdIPqF90YwvfevdOJWVKEPsb4fUVxGa2oF8fyrmsusQ8960VQNegriaom8/s320/DSC_0069.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">~~</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">一整片的抑草蓆,番茄是種在地平面下的植穴內,並以滴灌管線供應肥料與水分。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">~~</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">植株失去膨壓而呈現組織軟化。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">~~</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">嫁接砧頭與地上部不成比例發展,但都呈弱化。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">~~</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">近地際處,不定根開始著生。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">~~</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">葉片深綠,但無光采。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">因全面積鋪蓋抑草蓆,我想採土,還真沒地方可開挖,只好犧牲一株生長不良株,向下開挖。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我挖出約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">200</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">立方公分的人工調製培養土介質,繼續向下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">公分即見淺色土壤,夾雜大量銹斑。聽說當初整地時還重力滾軸壓實基地才挖洞種植。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-LKzPwtw1nc_iRv1m0njzfpQyqHUkhUd1jqj4IHY0GmIVXJbUXY-fCWxFCh_GJkDN5p2OTX4_4MFFq8U70etP1_P_JKZ9u_TmOtTxsEPvNK69uyjCQWtdVvoh38Vq1VjdZjn-3fD7VgE/s1600/DSC_0074.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="484" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-LKzPwtw1nc_iRv1m0njzfpQyqHUkhUd1jqj4IHY0GmIVXJbUXY-fCWxFCh_GJkDN5p2OTX4_4MFFq8U70etP1_P_JKZ9u_TmOtTxsEPvNK69uyjCQWtdVvoh38Vq1VjdZjn-3fD7VgE/s400/DSC_0074.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKUnZuyfO7iMj_yYBqMynIuQzITHwKGAyh7s8jQ0JUQzw_nuLctmjzzn1VjefF9Oxq6riTdyu2f40fucuF17UTeENFGZM7IhcR8Q5jhj7Z1IS8KJ4izK-wG1l45AF3j0Itwih_ki7Cevg/s1600/DSC_0080.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="484" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKUnZuyfO7iMj_yYBqMynIuQzITHwKGAyh7s8jQ0JUQzw_nuLctmjzzn1VjefF9Oxq6riTdyu2f40fucuF17UTeENFGZM7IhcR8Q5jhj7Z1IS8KJ4izK-wG1l45AF3j0Itwih_ki7Cevg/s400/DSC_0080.JPG" width="400" /></a></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我中午倒了一杯水在植穴中,聽說到下午五點還可看到積水。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">這是我遇過最無力施展的窘況,面對案主夫婦滿心的期待,我卻甚麼都無法建議。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">案主運氣不好,誤信不合適的技術來源,把番茄種在這樣的難為植穴空間。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">我只能期待他們能把水與肥料掌握好,不能太多、也不能太少,一定要調控到剛剛好。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">若真不行,寧願少一些,但隨植株越來越大,越是難為。</span></div>
土壤作物醫生館http://www.blogger.com/profile/09423284593274873807noreply@blogger.com